Multipart Upload with HttpClient 4--reference

by Eugen Paraschiv on May 23, 2014 in HttpClient

http://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-multipart-upload

1. Overview

In this tutorial we will illustrate how to do a multipart upload operation using HttpClient 4.

We’ll use http://echo.200please.com as a test server because it’s public and it accepts most types of content.

If you want to dig deeper and learn other cool things you can do with the HttpClient – head on over to the main HttpClient tutorial.

2. Using the AddPart Method

Let’s start by looking at the MultipartEntityBuilder object to add parts to a Http entitywhich will then be uploaded via a POST operation.

This is a generic method to add parts to an HttpEntity representing the form.

Example 2.1. – Uploading a Form with Two Text Parts and a File

File file = new File(textFileName, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY);
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://echo.200please.com");
FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
StringBody stringBody1 = new StringBody("Message 1", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
StringBody stringBody2 = new StringBody("Message 2", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
//
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addPart("upfile", fileBody);
builder.addPart("text1", stringBody1);
builder.addPart("text2", stringBody2);
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
//
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

Note that we’re instantiating the File object by also specifying the ContentType value to be used by the server.

Also, note that the addPart method has two arguments, acting like key/value pairs for the form. These are only relevant if the server side actually expects and uses parameter names – otherwise they’re simply ignored.

3. Using the addBinaryBody and addTextBody Methods

A more direct way to create a multipart entity is to use the addBinaryBody andAddTextBody methods. These methods work for uploading text, files, character arrays, and InputStream objects. Lets illustrate how with simple examples.

Example 3.1. – Uploading Text and a Text File Part

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://echo.200please.com");
File file = new File(textFileName);
String message = "This is a multipart post";
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addBinaryBody("upfile", file, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, textFileName);
builder.addTextBody("text", message, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY);
//
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

Note that the FileBody and StringBody objects are not needed here.

Also important, most servers do not check the ContentType of the text body, so theaddTextBody method may omit the ContentType value.

The addBinaryBody API accepts a ContentType - but it is also possible to create the entity just from a binary body and the name of the form parameter holding the file. As stated in the previous section some servers will not recognize the file if the ContentTypevalue is not specified.

Next, we’ll add a zip file as an InputStream, while the image file will be added as Fileobject:

Example 3.2. – Uploading a Zip File, an Image File and a Text Part

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://echo.200please.com");
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(zipFileName);
File file = new File(imageFileName);
String message = "This is a multipart post";
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addBinaryBody
  ("upfile", file, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, imageFileName);
builder.addBinaryBody
  ("upstream", inputStream, ContentType.create("application/zip"), zipFileName);
builder.addTextBody("text", message, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
//
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

Note that the ContentType value can be created on the fly, as is the case in the example above for the zip file.

Finally, not all servers acknowledge InputStream parts. The server we instantiated in the first line of the code recognizes InputStreams.

Let’s now look at another example where addBinaryBody is working directly with a byte array :

Example 3.3. – Uploading a Byte Array and Text

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://echo.200please.com");
String message = "This is a multipart post";
byte[] bytes = "binary code".getBytes();
//
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addBinaryBody("upfile", bytes, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, textFileName);
builder.addTextBody("text", message, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
//
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

Notice the ContentType – which is now specifying binary data.

4. Conclusion

This article has presented the MultipartEntityBuilder as a flexible object which offer multiple API choices to create a multipart form.

The examples have also shown how to use the HttpClient to upload a HttpEntity that similar to a form entity.

The implementation of all these examples and code snippets can be found in my github project – this is an Eclipse based project, so it should be easy to import and run as it is.