利用InformationSchema与阿里云交易和账单管理API实现MaxCompute费用对账分摊统计

利用MaxCompute InformationSchema与阿里云交易和账单管理API 实现MaxCompute费用对账分摊统计

一、需求场景分析

很多的企业用户选择MaxCompute按量付费模式构建自己的数据平台，利用MaxCompute按作业付费的计费模型，在获得高性能的同时避免"IDLE"状态的不必要资源费用支出，仅为实际使用付费。

那么在一个规模比较大的公司，企业购买了MaxCompute服务，会支撑企业内部的不同部门、个人来使用MaxCompute来开展数据处理分析。为了更好地识别数据平台使用方的周期性花费成本，优化数据资源的使用，就有必要对作业的费用进行统计，从而确认不同人员或归属部门的作业数量、作业费用、作业时长、作业资源使用量等指标。基于这些指标进行成本分摊、作业优化等管理工作。

阿里云交易和账单系统包含了MaxCompute产品的费用信息及费用明细，通过关联交易和账单系统的计费明细与MaxCompute项目的作业明细或某时间段的账单费用，可以获得使用用户、作业明细信息（如提交人账号、作业SQL内容、作业资源使用大小等信息）与计费明细或账单费用间的关系，从而开展分析。

本文将介绍如果自动化实现MaxCompute按量付费项目的作业费用统计，您也可以通过阿里云交易和账单系统API获取其他需要的费用信息，扩展分析场景。

二、方案设计思路

1、获得MaxCompute项目历史作业明细

MaxCompute Information_Schema服务是MaxCompute产品的开放元数据服务，通过Information_Schema提供的一组视图，用户可以自助地查询访问到项目内的准实时的table,column,function等全量元数据信息，同时也提供了项目内近期的作业历史明细，供使用者自助查询使用。

通过元数据服务Information_Schema里面的作业历史表tasks_history视图，可以查询到准实时的项目作业历史明细。包括：项目名称、任务名称、Instance id、开始时间、结束时间、任务复杂度、任务CPU使用情况等字段。

备注：Information_Schema目前正在灰度中，即将全面开放。

2、获取作业的计费明细数据

用户可以通过费用中心账号总览消费记录去查询具体的消费情况。

同时，格式阿里云交易和账单管理OpenAPI为用户提供管理阿里云产品售卖和财资能力，通过该api可以程序化获取MaxCompute作业计费明细数据。
调用QueryUserOmsData接口（阿里云的账单系统OMS），可以查询到具体计量信息编号、数据分类、存储、SQL读取量、公网上下行流量等字段信息。

3、关联计费明细与作业明细

通过表关联，查询到需要计算的数据结果

select

distinct

t.task_schema,

o.MeteringId,

t.owner_id,

t.operation_text,

o.type,

o.endtime,

o.computationsqlinput,

o.computationsqlcomplexity,

t.cost_cpu,o.starttime,

t.cost_mem

from  information_schema.tasks_history t

right join OdpsFeeDemo o

on t.inst_id = o. meteringid

and t.task_schema = o.projectid

where o.type = "ComputationSql";

这些数据可以通过作业ID与计费明细数据进行关联后，您就获取各个作业明细的费用信息(例如,SQL费用=数据扫描量*复杂度) ，从而可以开展不同视角的分析。

需要强调的是：MaxCompute的计费都是以阿里云费用中心的出账结果及费用明细为准。

三、具体实现步骤(含参考代码)

1.查询元数据服务里面的作业历史表tasks_history

例如，您登录访问的当前项目为 myproject1，在 myproject1 中，可以通过查询 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables 获得当前 myproject1 中所有表的元数据信息。

odps@ myproject1 > select * from information_schema.tables;

INFORMATION_SCHEMA 同时包含了作业历史视图，可以查询到当前项目内的作业历史信息，使用时注意添加日期分区进行过滤，例如。

odps@ mypoject1 > select * from information_schema.tasks_history where ds=’yyyymmdd’ limit 100;

odps@ myproject1 > desc package information_schema.systables;

查询历史表字段属性

odps@ myproject1 > desc information_schema.tasks_history;

如下如所示：

2.使用阿里云交易和账单管理API获取费用明细和分摊统计

方法1：手工下载上传方式

（一）首先在MaxCompute中创建结果输出表OMS表，建表语句如下：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS OdpsFeeDemo(

ProjectId          STRING COMMENT '项目编号',

MeteringId         STRING COMMENT '计量信息编号',

Type                  STRING COMMENT '数据分类',

Storage            STRING COMMENT '存储(Byte)',

EndTime            STRING COMMENT '结束时间',

ComputationSqlInput  STRING COMMENT 'SQL读取量',

ComputationSqlComplexity  STRING COMMENT 'SQL复杂度',

StartTime          STRING COMMENT '开始时间',

OdpsSpecCode       STRING COMMENT '规格类型'

);

方法一：手动从视图下载oms账单详细费用，将数据上传（tunnel upload）到odps对应输出表

手动下载步骤：https://help.aliyun.com/product/87964.html?spm=a2c4g.750001.list.245.5e907b138Ik9xM

进入阿里云用户中心：https://usercenter2.aliyun.com/home

返回旧版

费用中心>消费记录>使用记录

选择产品类型，填写使用期间，计算粒度,导出CSV格式

把oms数据定期取下来，然后上传到odps中创建的结果输出表（OdpsFeeDemo）
tunnel upload C:UsersDesktopaa.txt project.tablename ;

（二）进行表关联，将最终结果存储在上面创建的MaxComputeFee中

select  distinct  t.task_schema, o.MeteringId, t.owner_id, o.type, o.endtime, o.computationsqlinput, o.computationsqlcomplexity, t.cost_cpu,o.starttime, t.cost_mem  from information_schema.tasks_history t  right join OdpsFeeDemo o  on t.inst_id = o. meteringid  and t.task_schema = o.projectid where o.type = “ComputationSql”;

方法2：程序化API下载费用明细数据&上传到MaxCompute后分析

（一）在odps创建oms表OdpsFeeDemo，参考如下：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS OdpsFeeDemo(

ProjectId          STRING COMMENT '项目编号',

MeteringId         STRING COMMENT '计量信息编号',

Type                  STRING COMMENT '数据分类',

Storage            STRING COMMENT '存储(Byte)',

EndTime            STRING COMMENT '结束时间',

ComputationSqlInput  STRING COMMENT 'SQL读取量',

ComputationSqlComplexity  STRING COMMENT 'SQL复杂度',

StartTime          STRING COMMENT '开始时间',

OdpsSpecCode       STRING COMMENT '规格类型'

);

通过API下载OMS系统数据并上传到odps对于表格中

代码参考如下：

1) 服务启动类Application

package com.alibaba.odps; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;  /**  * @ClassName: Application  * @Description: 服务启动类  * @Author: ***  * @Data: 2019/7/30 17:15  **/ @SpringBootApplication @EnableScheduling public class Application {     public static void main(String[] args) {         SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);     } }

2) 从odps接收数据ReceiveData

package com.alibaba.odps.controller; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient; import com.aliyuncs.IAcsClient; import com.aliyuncs.bssopenapi.model.v20171214.QueryUserOmsDataRequest; import com.aliyuncs.bssopenapi.model.v20171214.QueryUserOmsDataResponse; import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException; import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ServerException; import com.aliyuncs.profile.DefaultProfile; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.google.gson.Gson; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  /**  * @ClassName: ReceiveData  * @Description: 接收数据  * @Author: LiuJianwei  * @Data: 2019/7/30 17:18  **/ @Component public class ReceiveData {      @Value("${table}")     private String table;      @Value("${odps.accessKeyId}")     private String accessKeyId;      @Value("${odps.accessKeySecret}")     private String accessKeySecret;      @Value("${file.save.path}")     private String fileSavePath;      @Autowired     private OdpsServer odpsServer;      protected final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();      {         objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);     }  //    String[] fileds = {"DBVersion", "InstanceId", "NetworkIn", "NetworkOut", "Storage", "Memory", "Region", "ProviderId", //           "DBType", "EndTime", "StartTime", "InstanceUseType", "InstanceName"};     String[] fileds = {"ProjectId","MeteringId","Type","Storage","EndTime","ComputationSqlInput","ComputationSqlComplexity","StartTime","OdpsSpecCode"};

     @Scheduled(cron = "${cron}")     public void queryUserOmsData() {         //获取昨天的开始日期和结束日期         SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");         String yesterday = format.format(DateUtils.addDays(new Date(), -1));         //String yesterday = "2019-07-29";         String startTime = yesterday + "T00:00:00Z";         String endTime = yesterday + "T23:59:59Z";         DefaultProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile("cn-hangzhou", accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);         IAcsClient client = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);         for (String tab : table.split(",")) {             QueryUserOmsDataRequest request = new QueryUserOmsDataRequest();             request.setTable(tab.trim());             request.setDataType("HOUR");             request.setStartTime(startTime);             request.setEndTime(endTime);             try {                 QueryUserOmsDataResponse response = client.getAcsResponse(request);                 String data = new Gson().toJson(response);                 //将数据插入                 odpsServer.writeDataToOdps(data, yesterday, tab.trim());                 //将查询到的数据保存到TXT中                 writeDataToTxt(data, yesterday);             } catch (IOException | ServerException e) {                 e.printStackTrace();             } catch (ClientException e) {                 System.out.println(e);                 System.out.println("ErrCode:" + e.getErrCode());                 System.out.println("ErrMsg:" + e.getErrMsg());                 System.out.println("RequestId:" + e.getRequestId());             }         }     }      public void writeDataToTxt(String data, String yesterday) throws IOException {         String path = fileSavePath + File.separator + yesterday + ".txt";         FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(new File(path));         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(data)) {             JSONObject json = objectMapper.readValue(data, JSONObject.class);             JSONObject datas = json.getJSONObject("data");             if (datas.containsKey("omsData")) {                 List<Map<String, Object>> list = (List<Map<String, Object>>) datas.get("omsData");                 if (!list.isEmpty()) {                     for (Map<String, Object> map : list) {                         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();                         for (String key : fileds) {                             if (map.containsKey(key)) {                                 sb.append(map.get(key));                             } else {                                 sb.append(" ");                             }                             sb.append(",");                         }                         sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);                         sb.append("\r\n");                         writer.write(sb.toString());                     }                 }             }         }         writer.flush();         writer.close();     } }

3) 将接收数据上传到MaxCompute项目里建好的oms表，类名：OdpsServer

package com.alibaba.odps.controller; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.aliyun.odps.Odps; import com.aliyun.odps.account.AliyunAccount; import com.aliyun.odps.data.Record; import com.aliyun.odps.data.RecordWriter; import com.aliyun.odps.tunnel.TableTunnel; import com.aliyun.odps.tunnel.TableTunnel.UploadSession; import com.aliyun.odps.tunnel.TableTunnel.UploadStatus; import com.aliyun.odps.tunnel.TunnelException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  /**  * @ClassName: OdpsServer  * @Description: 将数据写入ODPS中  * @Author: LiuJianwei  * @Data: 2019/7/30 17:23  **/ @Component public class OdpsServer implements InitializingBean {      @Value("${odps.accessKeyId}")     private String accessKeyId;      @Value("${odps.accessKeySecret}")     private String accessKeySecret;      @Value("${odps.project}")     private String project;      @Value("${odps.url}")     private String url;      private UploadSession ossUploadSession;      private UploadSession rdsUploadSession;      private UploadSession odpsUploadSession;      private String OSSTableName = "MaxComputeFee";      private String RDSTableName ="RDS";      private String ODPSTableName ="OdpsFeeDemo";      protected final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();      {         objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);     }      public void writeDataToOdps(String data, String yesday, String tab) {         List<Map<String, Object>> dataList = new ArrayList<>();         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(data)) {             try {                 JSONObject json = objectMapper.readValue(data, JSONObject.class);                 JSONObject datas = json.getJSONObject("data");                 if (datas.containsKey("omsData")) {                     dataList = (List<Map<String, Object>>)datas.get("omsData");                 }                 if (dataList.isEmpty()) {                     return;                 }                 //数据不为空,开发往ODPS中写入数据                 if (tab.equals("oss")) {                     for (Map<String, Object> map : dataList) {                         UploadSession session = getSession(OSSTableName);                         RecordWriter writer = session.openRecordWriter(session.getAvailBlockId());                         Record record = session.newRecord();                         writer.write(record);                         if (writer != null) {                             writer.close();                             session.commit(new Long[] {0L});                         }                     }                 } else if (tab.equals("rds")) {                     for (Map<String, Object> map : dataList) {                         UploadSession session = getSession(RDSTableName);                         RecordWriter writer = session.openRecordWriter(session.getAvailBlockId());                         Record record = session.newRecord();                         record.set("dbversion", map.get("DBVersion").toString());                         record.set("instanceid", map.get("InstanceId").toString());                         record.set("networkin", map.get("NetworkIn").toString());                         record.set("networkout", map.get("NetworkOut").toString());                         record.set("storage", Long.valueOf(map.get("Storage").toString()));                         record.set("memory", map.get("Memory").toString());                         record.set("region", map.get("Region").toString());                         record.set("providerid", map.get("ProviderId").toString());                         record.set("dbtype", map.get("DBType").toString());                         record.set("endtime", map.get("EndTime").toString());                         record.set("starttime", map.get("StartTime").toString());                         record.set("instanceusetype", map.get("InstanceUseType").toString());                         record.set("instancename", map.get("InstanceName").toString());                         writer.write(record);                         if (writer != null) {                             writer.close();                             session.commit(new Long[] {0L});                         }                     }                 } else if (tab.equals("odps")) {                     for (Map<String, Object> map : dataList) {                         UploadSession session = getSession(ODPSTableName);                         RecordWriter writer = session.openRecordWriter(session.getAvailBlockId());                         Record record = session.newRecord();                         record.set("projectid", map.containsKey("ProjectId") ? map.get("ProjectId").toString() : ""); record.set("meteringid", map.containsKey("MeteringId") ? map.get("MeteringId").toString() : ""); record.set("type", map.containsKey("Type") ? map.get("Type").toString() : ""); record.set("storage", map.containsKey("Storage") ? map.get("Storage").toString() : ""); record.set("endtime", map.containsKey("EndTime") ? map.get("EndTime").toString() : ""); record.set("computationsqlinput", map.containsKey("ComputationSqlInput") ? map.get("ComputationSqlInput").toString() : ""); record.set("computationsqlcomplexity", map.containsKey("ComputationSqlComplexity") ? map.get("ComputationSqlComplexity").toString() : ""); record.set("starttime", map.containsKey("StartTime") ? map.get("StartTime").toString() : ""); record.set("odpsspeccode", map.containsKey("OdpsSpecCode") ? map.get("OdpsSpecCode").toString() : "");

                         writer.write(record);                         if (writer != null) {                             writer.close();                             session.commit(new Long[] {0L});                         }                     }                 }             } catch (Exception e) {                 throw new RuntimeException();             }         }     }      private UploadSession getSession(String tableName) {         try {             if (tableName.equals(OSSTableName)) {                 if (!this.ossUploadSession.getStatus().equals(UploadStatus.NORMAL)) {                     this.ossUploadSession = createNewSession(tableName);                 }                 return this.ossUploadSession;             } else if (tableName.equals(RDSTableName)) {                 if (!this.rdsUploadSession.getStatus().equals(UploadStatus.NORMAL)) {                     this.rdsUploadSession = createNewSession(tableName);                 }                 return this.rdsUploadSession;             }else if (tableName.equals(ODPSTableName)) {                 if (!this.odpsUploadSession.getStatus().equals(UploadStatus.NORMAL)) {                     this.odpsUploadSession = createNewSession(tableName);                 }                 return this.odpsUploadSession;             }          } catch (TunnelException | IOException e) {             throw new RuntimeException(e);         }         return null;     }      private UploadSession createNewSession(String tableName) {         try {             AliyunAccount account = new AliyunAccount(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);             Odps odps = new Odps(account);             odps.setEndpoint(url);             odps.setDefaultProject(project);             TableTunnel odpsTunnel = new TableTunnel(odps);             UploadSession session = odpsTunnel.createUploadSession(project, tableName);             return session;         } catch (TunnelException e) {             throw new RuntimeException(e);         }     }      @Override     public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {         this.ossUploadSession = createNewSession(OSSTableName);         this.rdsUploadSession = createNewSession(RDSTableName);         this.odpsUploadSession = createNewSession(ODPSTableName);     }  }

4) 配置文件

#配置accessKeyId odps.accessKeyId=********  #配置accessKeySecret odps.accessKeySecret=******** #配置project odps.project=工作空间 #配置url odps.url=http://service.odps.aliyun.com/api #配置table table=odps

ds#配置定时任务时间设置 cron=0/1 0/1 * * * ?

5) 现在将数据上传到odps里面对应的表，然后进行关联

select  distinct  t.task_schema, o.MeteringId, t.owner_id, o.type, o.endtime, o.computationsqlinput, o.com

本文作者：圣远

原文链接

本文为云栖社区原创内容，未经允许不得转载。