Django之form表单认证

Model常用操作：
   - 参数：filter  三种传参方式
   - all（得到的是列表）,values（字典）,values_list（元祖）

      [obj(id,name,pwd,email),obj(id,name,pwd,email),]
      models.UserInfo.objects.all() #取到所有的值

      [obj(id,name,email)] # pwd未取值
      data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().only('name','email') #通过only可以取到里面指定的数据

      for item in data_list:
         item.id
         item.name

      [obj(id,pwd)] # pwd未取值
      data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().defer('name','email')#这是不要取到这个字段

      for item in data_list:
         item.id
         item.pwd  #如果only里没有这个字段可以.到但是最好不要这样取值因为是重新取值一次

路由系统：

   反向生成URL：（ url 三种方式）
      /index/     func    name=a1
         {% url "a1"}#这个放在HTML页面
         reverse('x')# 这个放到views函数里面

      /index/(\d+)/     func    name=a2
         {% url "a2" 11 %}
         reverse('x',args=(11,))

      /index/(?P<nid>\d+)/     func    name=a3
         {% url "a2" nid=11 %}
         reverse('x',kwargs={'nid':11})

这是url反向解析的另一种形式：

Django生命周期：
   - wsgi
      - wsgiref
      - uwsgi

Http请求本质：
   a1=123&a2=456    如果POST方法发送数据，数据放在url里面也可以取到

   {a1:13}   

1. 数据库设计
   - 属性相同归类到一张表中
   - 连表有性能消耗
      - 连表设计：
         class UserType(models.Model):
            """
            用户类型表,个数经常变动
            """
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

         class UserInfo(models.Model):
            """
            用户表：讲师和班主任
            """
            username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
            email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            ut = models.ForeignKey(to="UserType")
      - choices  #这个适合用在字段类型不经常变动的情况下
            # class UserInfo(models.Model):
            #     """
            #     用户表
            #     """
            #     username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            #     password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
            #     email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            #
            #     user_type_choices = (
            #         (1, '班主任'),
            #         (2, '讲师'),
            #     )
            #
            #     user_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
   - 一张表中对同一个其他表做FK，M2M时，主要 related_name
   - 注释

   - 补充：
         """
         ID     Title
          1      图片
          2      挨踢1024
          3      段子
         """
         class NewsType(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

         """
         ID   Title  Summary   News_Type
         1    t....   科技...     2
         2    t....   科技...     1
         3    t....   科技...     2

         """
         class News(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)
            news_type = models.ForeignKey(to="NewsType")

         # 查看所有新闻
         new_list = News.objects.all()
         for row in new_list:
            print(row.title,row.summary,row.news_type.title)

         """
         ID   Title  Summary   News_Type
         1    t....   科技...     2
         2    t....   科技...     1
         3    t....   科技...     2

         """
         class News(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)

            news_type_chices = (
               (1,'图片'),
               (2,'挨踢1024'),
               (3,'段子'),
            )
            news_type = models.IntegerField(choices=news_type_chices)

         # 查看所有新闻
         new_list = News.objects.all()
         for row in new_list:
            print(row.title,row.summary,  row.get_news_type_display()  )

2. 登录
   - 装饰器
   - Django内置+自定义配置文件
3. 老师管理
   - Form组件 
      - 创建类，继承Form
      - 创建字段，字段=正则表达式； PS: 字段名称，required,  error_messages = {required,invalid}
      - form = MyForm(data=request.POST)
      - form.is_valid()
      - form.cleaned_data
      - form.errors

   Form组件 
      1. 用户请求数据验证
      2. 自动生成错误信息
      3. 打包用户提交正确信息
      4. 错误：保留上次输入内容
      5. 定制页面上显示的HTML标签
      Django Form组件
      1. 创建规则（类，字段）
         class Foo:
            username = xxx
            password = xxx
            email = xxx
      2. 数据和规则进行匹配
         form = Foo(data=xxx,initial=初始化)
         form.is_valid()
         form.cleaned_data
         form.errors

views代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.conf import settings
# Create your views here.

from app01 import models
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    elif request.method =="POST":
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
        if not user:
            return render(request, 'login.html',{'msg':'用户名或密码错误'})
        # request.session['user_info'] = {'id':user.id, 'username':user.username}

        request.session[settings.SJF] = {'id':user.id, 'username':user.username}
        return redirect('/index/')
    else:
        return HttpResponse('滚')

def auth(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get(settings.SJF)
        if not user_info:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request,*args,**kwargs)
    return inner

@auth
def index(request):
    username = request.session[settings.SJF]['username']
    return render(request,'index.html',{'username':username})

@auth
def teachers(request):
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut__title='讲师')
    teacher_list = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=1)

    return render(request,'teachers.html',{'teacher_list':teacher_list})

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class TeacherForm(Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder':'用户名','class':'form-control'})
    ) # 不能为空
    password = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder':'密码','class':'form-control'})) # 不能为空
    email = fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'邮箱不能为空','invalid':'邮箱格式错误'},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'placeholder':'邮箱','class':'form-control'}))   # 不能为空，且邮箱格式

@auth
def add_teacher(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = TeacherForm()
        return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'form':form})
    else:
        """
        1. 用户请求数据验证
        2. 自动生成错误信息
        3. 打包用户提交正确信息
        4. 错误：保留上次输入内容
        5. 定制页面上显示的HTML标签
        Django Form组件
        1. 创建规则（类，字段）
            class Foo:
                username = xxx
                password = xxx
                email = xxx
        2. 数据和规则进行匹配
        """
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST) # 数据和规则放置一起
        if form.is_valid():                       # 开始校验,并获取校验结果
            # print('执行成功',form.cleaned_data)          # 所有匹配成功，字典
            # {'username': 'asd', 'password': 'sdf', 'email': 'sadf@live.com','ut_id':1}
            form.cleaned_data['ut_id'] = 1
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect('/teachers/')

        return render(request, 'add_teacher.html',{'form':form})

@auth
def edit_teacher(request,nid):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid,ut_id=1).first()
    if not obj:
        return redirect('/teachers/')

    if request.method == "GET":
        # 显示input，并且将数据库中的默认值填写到input框中
        form = TeacherForm(initial={'username':obj.username,'password':obj.password,'email':obj.email})
        return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'form':form})
    else:
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # 校验成功
            models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect('/teachers/')
        return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'form':form})

class TestForm(Form):
    caption = fields.CharField()
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,'讲师'),(2,'班主任')])
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('id','username'))
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','title'))
    xxx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('id','username'))

def test(request):
    form = TestForm(initial={'xxx':4})
    form = TestForm(initial={'xxx':[1,2,3]})
    return render(request,'test.html',{'form':form})