【Nginx】使用certbot安装免费https证书使Nginx支持Https请求

certbot官网：https://certbot.eff.org/lets-encrypt/centosrhel7-nginx

一、安装步骤

1）安装certbot，执行 

sudo yum install certbot python2-certbot-nginx

2）检查是否安装成功，执行 

certbot --help

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz ~]#  certbot --help
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/certbot", line , in <module>
    load_entry_point('certbot==0.38.0', 'console_scripts', 'certbot')()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line , in load_entry_point
    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line , in load_entry_point
    return ep.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line , in load
    return self.resolve()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line , in resolve
    module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line , in <module>
    from certbot import account
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/account.py", line , in <module>
    from acme import messages
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/acme/messages.py", line , in <module>
    from acme import challenges
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/acme/challenges.py", line , in <module>
    import requests
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line , in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/utils.py", line , in <module>
    from .exceptions import InvalidURL
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/exceptions.py", line , in <module>
    from .packages.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/packages/__init__.py", line , in load_module
    raise ImportError("No module named '%s'" % (name,))
ImportError: No module named 'requests.packages.urllib3'

3）解决上面没有requests.packages.urllib3的问题，执行

pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall 'requests==2.6.0' urllib3

4）安装证书，执行

sudo certbot --nginx

如：

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz ~]# sudo certbot --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
The nginx plugin is not working; there may be problems with your existing configuration.
The error was: NoInstallationError("Could not find a usable 'nginx' binary. Ensure nginx exists, the binary is executable, and your PATH is set correctly.",)

上面提示信息显示没有找到nginx，那么

需要将nginx放到环境变量中，设置nginx软连接

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/ /etc/nginx

再次执行就OK了

sudo certbot --nginx 安装证书

5）然后再一步一步的根据提示进行配置 

如：

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz sbin]# sudo certbot --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): @qq.com   // 1）设置邮箱，用于安全提示
Starting new HTTPS connection (): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: a    // 2）同意协议

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: n    // 3）不共享你的邮箱

Which names would you like to activate HTTPS for?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
: admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
: consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
: student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
: teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
: wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate numbers separated by commas and/or spaces, or leave input
blank to select all options shown (Enter 'c' to cancel):     5  // 4）选择需要激活https的域名
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http- challenge for admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http- challenge for consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http- challenge for student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http- challenge for teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http- challenge for wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/admin-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/consultant-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/student-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/teacher-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/wechat-talkilla.conf

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [-] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2  // 5）设置是否将http自动重定向到https，1否2是
Redirecting all traffic on port  to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/admin-talkilla-http.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port  to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/consultant-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port  to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/student-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port  to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/teacher-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port  to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/wechat-talkilla.conf

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled
https://admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn, and
https://wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn

You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on --. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
   with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
   your certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

6） 配置自动更新证书

在证书到期之后更新证书，我们可以通过 certbot renew 命令来更新证书

借助 Crontab 来编写一个定时任务，定期强制更新一个这个证书，然后重启 Nginx： 

Crontab 通过 crontab -e 命令编辑，通过 crontab -l 查看。

这样就完成了 SSL 安全证书更新了。 

使用crontab -e 命令：

   * * certbot renew
   * * service nginx restart

注意：

若执行certbot renew时，出现： 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe8 in position 2: ordinal not in range(128) 错误，参考如下：

解决方案

7）当需要安装新的证书

执行：

 sudo certbot run --nginx