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on Jun 20, 2019 at 11:39 UTC ( #11101620=perlquestion: print w/replies, xml )

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I just started learning Perl for several days.I sow some codes below, what is the type of $data, is it array or a hash? There are so many nests. Thanks.

my $data = { 'a10' => { b => 1, a => 2, }, 'bbb' => { x => 3, }, 'a2' => { z => 4, } };

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Re: what is the variable type of $data = { by Anonymous Monk on Jun 20, 2019 at 12:06 UTC
In this piece of code, { starts a new, anonymous hash (that doesn't have a variable name of its own) and returns a reference to it. The reference is stored in the scalar variable named $data. The hash contains three keys a10, bbb, a2 and the values they have (still scalars) are also hash references. There are two syntactically different ways to access a hash by reference: $data->{$key} (the arrow operator, ->) and ${$data}{$key} (wrap the reference in {} - where you could also put the name of the hash if it had a name). Both ways take $data, try to dereference it, access the underlying hash and return the scalar value referenced by key $key. If $data does not contain a hash reference, an exception will be raised (but if $data is undef, an anonymous hash may be created automatically and a reference to it may be stored inside $data - see autovivification). See perlreftut and perldsc for more info.	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^2: what is the variable type of $data = { by you!!! on Jun 20, 2019 at 12:14 UTC
Reputation: 1 Thank you quite a lot for your answer.	[reply] [edit] [/msg]
Re: what is the variable type of $data = { by Eily on Jun 20, 2019 at 12:18 UTC
++ To AnonyMonk, $data is a reference to a hash, that itself contains hashrefs (eg the value at a10 is a hashref). One way to test for that is to use ref, that will return 'HASH' in this case, or Scalar::Util's reftype, that is guarranted to always return 'HASH' even if the reference is blessed (turned into an object). So you can check that ref $data eq 'HASH'	[reply] [/msg] [d/l]
Re^2: what is the variable type of $data = { by you!!! on Jun 20, 2019 at 12:21 UTC
Reputation: 0 Thanks for both your quick and detailed answers.	[reply] [edit] [/msg]
Re: what is the variable type of $data = { by LanX on Jun 20, 2019 at 12:20 UTC
It's a hash of hashes.(HoH) You might be confused because hashes and arrays have to incarnations in Perl a reference which can be stored in a $scalar a "list form" ° which can be stored in variables with appropriate sigils like %hash or @array. (They are effectivity containers for references but operating on lists) Hashes consist of key => value pairs of scalars ( actually "string" => scalar pairs to be precise) To realize nested hashes you need to put a hash reference into the value slot. That's what's happening here. See perldsc for more examples. HTH :) Cheers Rolf (addicted to the Perl Programming Language :) Wikisyntax for the Monastery FootballPerl is like chess, only without the dice °) my wording

what is the variable type of $data = { by you!!!

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