将数据库从普通文件系统迁移到ASM中

数据库存储的是普通的文件系统，现在将数据库迁移到ASM存储中。

准备ASM环境：

[oracle@kel ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
ASM/
KEL/
ASMCMD>

在本实例中，将数据库文件都存储在KEL磁盘组中。

对数据库做一个全备份，利用备份来恢复数据文件，从而达到转移存储的目的：

RMAN> run
2> {
3> backup as copy database format '+KEL';
4> }

修改数据库相关参数：

SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file

NAME				     TYPE		    VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest		     string		    /home/oracle/flash_recovery_ar
							    ea
db_recovery_file_dest_size	     big integer	    2G

db_recovery_file_dest参数表示default database recovery file location

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE specifies (in bytes) the hard limit on the total space to be used by target database recovery files created in the flash recovery area

修改参数如下：（闪回区创建在磁盘组中）

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=3g scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='+KEL' scope=both;

System altered.

联机日志和自动创建数据文件文件位置的参数如下：

SQL> show parameter db_create_

NAME				     TYPE		    VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_create_file_dest		     string
db_create_online_log_dest_1	     string
db_create_online_log_dest_2	     string
db_create_online_log_dest_3	     string
db_create_online_log_dest_4	     string
db_create_online_log_dest_5	     string

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n (where n = 1, 2, 3, ... 5) specifies the default location for Oracle-managed control files and online redo logs. If more than one DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n parameter is specified, then the control
file or online redo log is multiplexed across the locations of the other DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n parameters. One member of each online redo log is created in each location, and one control file is created in each location.

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initializationparameter in your initialization parameter file to identify the defaultlocation for the database server to
create:

Datafiles

Tempfiles

Redo log files

Control files

Block change tracking files

修改参数如下：（将联机日志和自动创建数据文件位置指定为磁盘组，并且是多路复用）

SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='+KEL' scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='+KEL' scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_2='+ASM' scope=both;

System altered.

查看目前联机日志和standby日志位置：

SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

    GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ----------------------------------------
	 3 /home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo03.log
	 2 /home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo02.log
	 1 /home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo01.log

通过给每个日志组添加一个成员在磁盘组中，然后删除老的日志，从而达到替换的目的：

添加日志组：

SQL> alter database add logfile member '+ASM','+KEL' to group 1;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member '+ASM','+KEL' to group 2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member '+ASM','+KEL' to group 3;

Database altered.

删除原来的联机日志组：

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL>  alter database drop logfile member '/home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo01.log';

Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL>  alter database drop logfile member '/home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo02.log';

Database altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/home/oracle/oradata/ipap/redo03.log';

Database altered.

在删除的时候，必须要等待状态为inactive才能进行删除，可以通过以下来进行查询：

SQL> select group#,status from v$log;

    GROUP# STATUS
---------- --------------------------------
	 1 CURRENT
	 2 ACTIVE
	 3 ACTIVE

如果存在standby日志，那么只要通过删除原来的，进行重建即可：

SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 size 50m;

Database altered.

检查联机日志，确认全部迁移到ASM中：（存在多路复用）

SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile order by 1;

GROUP# MEMBER
------ ------------------------------------------------
     1 +KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.260.850694639
     1 +ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.265.850694631
     2 +ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_2.261.850694671
     2 +KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_2.262.850694685
     3 +ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_3.259.850694709
     3 +KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_3.264.850694717
     4 +ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_4.257.850695777
     4 +KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_4.275.850695773

8 rows selected.

查看当前临时表空间的配置：

SQL> select ts#,name from v$tempfile;

       TS# NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------
	 3 /home/oracle/oradata/ipap/temp01.dbf

SQL> select ts#,name from v$tablespace where ts#=3;

       TS# NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------
	 3 TEMP

给临时表空间添加文件，存储在ASM中：（注意临时表空间的大小）

SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile size 300m;

Tablespace altered.

查看增加的数据文件，是否存在ASM中：

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
---------------------------------------------
+KEL/ipap/tempfile/temp.277.850696379
/home/oracle/oradata/ipap/temp01.dbf

删除旧的临时表空间文件：

SQL> alter database tempfile '/home/oracle/oradata/ipap/temp01.dbf' drop ;

Database altered.

再次确认临时表空间：

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
---------------------------------------------
+KEL/ipap/tempfile/temp.277.850696379

把数据文件、控制文件迁移到ASM，在整个过程中，在这一步需要对数据库进行重启

查看当前控制文件位置：

SQL> show parameter control_files

NAME				     TYPE		    VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
control_files			     string		    /home/oracle/oradata/ipap/cont
							    rol01.ctl, /home/oracle/oradat
							    a/ipap/control02.ctl, /home/or
							    acle/oradata/ipap/control03.ct
							    l

修改控制文件位置：

SQL> alter system set control_files='+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control01.ctl','+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control02.ctl','+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;

System altered.

关闭数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

将数据库启动到nomount阶段：

SQL> startup nomount;

在RMAN中进行完全恢复：

首先恢复控制文件：

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 20-JUN-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=151 devtype=DISK

recovery area destination: +KEL
database name (or database unique name) used for search: IPAP
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found in the recovery area
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: +kel/IPAP/AUTOBACKUP/2014_06_20/s_850696380.278.850696381
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete
output filename=+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control01.ctl
output filename=+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control02.ctl
output filename=+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 20-JUN-14

将数据库进行挂载：

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

切换数据文件：

RMAN> switch database to copy;

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 20-JUN-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=151 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 10 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 20-JUN-14

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 20-JUN-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 4 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 20-JUN-14

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: +kel/IPAP/AUTOBACKUP/2014_06_20/s_850696380.278.850696381

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy "+KEL/ipap/datafile/system.259.850692939"
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy "+KEL/ipap/datafile/undotbs1.257.850693039"
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy "+KEL/ipap/datafile/sysaux.258.850693003"
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy "+KEL/ipap/datafile/users.256.850693045"

恢复数据库：

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 20-JUN-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 8 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_8.266.850695305
archive log thread 1 sequence 9 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_9.267.850695485
archive log thread 1 sequence 10 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_10.268.850695485
archive log thread 1 sequence 11 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_11.269.850695489
archive log thread 1 sequence 12 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_12.271.850695533
archive log thread 1 sequence 13 is already on disk as file +KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_13.273.850695551
archive log thread 1 sequence 14 is already on disk as file +ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.265.850694631
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_8.266.850695305 thread=1 sequence=8
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_9.267.850695485 thread=1 sequence=9
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_10.268.850695485 thread=1 sequence=10
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_11.269.850695489 thread=1 sequence=11
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_12.271.850695533 thread=1 sequence=12
archive log filename=+KEL/ipap/archivelog/2014_06_20/thread_1_seq_13.273.850695551 thread=1 sequence=13
archive log filename=+ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.265.850694631 thread=1 sequence=14
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recover at 20-JUN-14

打开数据库：

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

确认所有文件已经迁移到ASM中：

控制文件：

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control01.ctl
+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control02.ctl
+KEL/ipap/controlfile/control03.ctl

数据文件：

SQL> select name,status from v$datafile;

NAME						   STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- --------------
+KEL/ipap/datafile/system.259.850692939 	   SYSTEM
+KEL/ipap/datafile/undotbs1.257.850693039	   ONLINE
+KEL/ipap/datafile/sysaux.258.850693003 	   ONLINE
+KEL/ipap/datafile/users.256.850693045		   ONLINE

联机日志：

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_4.275.850695773
+ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_4.257.850695777
+ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.265.850694631
+KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_1.260.850694639
+ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_2.261.850694671
+KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_2.262.850694685
+ASM/ipap/onlinelog/group_3.259.850694709
+KEL/ipap/onlinelog/group_3.264.850694717

8 rows selected.

临时表空间：

SQL> select name,status from v$tempfile;

NAME						   STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- --------------
+KEL/ipap/tempfile/temp.277.850696379		   ONLINE