ORACLE数据库管理常用查询语句

/*查看表空间的名称及大小*/
SELECT t.tablespace_name, round(SUM(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size
  FROM dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
 WHERE t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
 GROUP BY t.tablespace_name;

/*查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小*/
SELECT tablespace_name,
       file_id,
       file_name,
       round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space
  FROM dba_data_files
 ORDER BY tablespace_name;
/*查看表空间的使用情况*/
SELECT SUM(bytes) / (1024 * 1024) AS free_space, tablespace_name
  FROM dba_free_space
 GROUP BY tablespace_name;

SELECT a.tablespace_name,
       a.bytes total,
       b.bytes used,
       c.bytes free,
       (b.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% USED",
       (c.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% FREE"
  FROM sys.sm$ts_avail a, sys.sm$ts_used b, sys.sm$ts_free c
 WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
   AND a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;
/*查看数据库库对象*/
SELECT owner, object_type, status, COUNT(*) count#
  FROM all_objects
 GROUP BY owner, object_type, status;
/*查找object为哪些进程所用*/
SELECT p.spid,
       s.sid,
       s.type,
       s.serial# serial_num,
       s.username user_name,
       a.type object_type,
       s.osuser os_user_name,
       a.owner,
       a.object object_name,
       decode(sign(48 - command),
              1,
              to_char(command),
              'Action Code #' || to_char(command)) action,
       p.program oracle_process,
       s.terminal terminal,
       s.program program,
       s.status session_status
  FROM v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
 WHERE s.paddr = p.addr
   AND s.type = 'USER'
   AND a.sid = s.sid
   AND a.object = 'SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
 ORDER BY s.username, s.osuser;
/*查看回滚段名称及大小*/
SELECT segment_name,
       tablespace_name,
       r.status,
       (initial_extent / 1024) initialextent,
       (next_extent / 1024) nextextent,
       max_extents,
       v.curext curextent
  FROM dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
 WHERE r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
 ORDER BY segment_name;
/*查看控制文件*/
SELECT NAME FROM v$controlfile;
/*查看日志文件*/
SELECT MEMBER FROM v$logfile;
/*查看数据库的版本*/
　
  SELECT version
    FROM product_component_version
   WHERE substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';
/*查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式*/
SELECT created, log_mode, log_mode FROM v$database;
/*捕捉运行很久的SQL*/
column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8
  SELECT username,
         sid,
         opname,
         round(sofar * 100 / totalwork, 0) || '%' AS progress,
         time_remaining,
         sql_text
    FROM v$session_longops, v$sql
   WHERE time_remaining <> 0
     AND sql_address = address
     AND sql_hash_value = hash_value;
/*查看数据表的参数信息*/
SELECT partition_name,
       high_value,
       high_value_length,
       tablespace_name,
       pct_free,
       pct_used,
       ini_trans,
       max_trans,
       initial_extent,
       next_extent,
       min_extent,
       max_extent,
       pct_increase,
       freelists,
       freelist_groups,
       logging,
       buffer_pool,
       num_rows,
       blocks,
       empty_blocks,
       avg_space,
       chain_cnt,
       avg_row_len,
       sample_size,
       last_analyzed
  FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
 ORDER BY partition_position;
/*查看还没提交的事务*/
SELECT * FROM v$locked_object;
SELECT * FROM v$transaction;
/*回滚段查看*/
SELECT rownum,
       sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_namename,
       v$rollstat.extents                     extents,
       v$rollstat.rssize                      size_in_bytes,
       v$rollstat.xacts                       xacts,
       v$rollstat.gets                        gets,
       v$rollstat.waits                       waits,
       v$rollstat.writes                      writes,
       sys.dba_rollback_segs.status           status
  FROM v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname
 WHERE v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name
   AND v$rollstat.usn(+) = v$rollname.usn
 ORDER BY rownum;
/*耗资源的进程（top session）*/
SELECT s.schemaname schema_name,
       decode(sign(48 - command),
              1,
              to_char(command),
              'Action Code #' || to_char(command)) action,
       status session_status,
       s.osuser os_user_name,
       s.sid,
       p.spid,
       s.serial# serial_num,
       nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,
       s.terminal terminal,
       s.program program,
       st.value criteria_value
  FROM v$sesstat st, v$session s, v$process p
 WHERE st.sid = s.sid
   AND st.statistic# = to_number('38')
   AND ('ALL' = 'ALL' OR s.status = 'ALL')
   AND p.addr = s.paddr
 ORDER BY st.value DESC, p.spid ASC, s.username ASC, s.osuser ASC;
/*查看锁（lock）情况*/
SELECT /*+ RULE */
 ls.osuser os_user_name,
 ls.username user_name,
 decode(ls.type,
        'RW',
        'Row wait enqueue lock',
        'TM',
        'DML enqueue lock',
        'TX',
        'Transaction enqueue lock',
        'UL',
        'User supplied lock') lock_type,
 o.object_name OBJECT,
 decode(ls.lmode,
        1,
        NULL,
        2,
        'Row Share',
        3,
        'Row Exclusive',
        4,
        'Share',
        5,
        'Share Row Exclusive',
        6,
        'Exclusive',
        NULL) lock_mode,
 o.owner,
 ls.sid,
 ls.serial# serial_num,
 ls.id1,
 ls.id2
  FROM sys.dba_objects o,
       (SELECT s.osuser,
               s.username,
               l.type,
               l.lmode,
               s.sid,
               s.serial#,
               l.id1,
               l.id2
          FROM v$session s, v$lock l
         WHERE s.sid = l.sid) ls
 WHERE o.object_id = ls.id1
   AND o.owner <> 'SYS'
 ORDER BY o.owner, o.object_name;
/*查看等待（wait）情况*/
SELECT v$waitstat.class,
       v$waitstat.count COUNT,
       SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
  FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat
 WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')
 GROUP BY v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count;
/*查看SGA情况*/
SELECT NAME, bytes
  FROM sys.v_$sgastat
 ORDER BY NAME ASC
          /*查看数据表的全部索引列*/
            SELECT c.index_name, i.uniqueness, c.column_name
              FROM user_indexes i, user_ind_columns c
             WHERE i.index_name = c.index_name
               AND i.table_name = upper('hr_locations_all')
             ORDER BY c.index_name,
                      c.column_position
                      /*查看低效运行的SQL语句*/
                        SELECT executions,
                               disk_reads,
                               buffer_gets,
                               round((buffer_gets - disk_reads) / buffer_gets,
                                     2) hit_radio,
                               round(disk_reads / executions, 2) reads_per_run,
                               sql_text
                          FROM v$sqlarea
                         WHERE executions > 0
                           AND buffer_gets > 0
                           AND (buffer_gets - disk_reads) / buffer_gets < 0.8
                         ORDER BY 4 DESC;

/*查询有哪些用户在使用数据库*/
SELECT username FROM v$session;
/*查看数据库的SID：*/
SELECT NAME FROM v$database;
--也可以直接查看 init.ora文件
/*如何在Oracle服务器上通过SQLPLUS查看本机IP地址 ：*/
SELECT sys_context('userenv', 'ip_address') FROM dual;