我们用AFNetworking小试牛刀,写一个简单的下载器来演示功能。

前言

为什么AFNetworking能够成为顶级框架?我们究竟该如何领悟它的精髓所在?这都是很难的问题。安全,高效,流畅,这3个特性缺一不可。假如我们要封装一个通用的网络框架,提供一个文件下载器是很有必要的。按照 管理编程原则 ,这个下载管理器应该管理所有的下载任务和依据。

这是一个简单的下载器,只为了功能演示

下载器提供的功能

  1. 根据一个url下载文件 我们下载一个文件,最重要的就是url,因此我们应该把这个url作为下载的唯一标识。
  2. 提供下载进度 为了增加用户体验,往往在下载文件的同时,展示一个下载进度告诉用户当前的下载情况,有的人喜欢使用bytesWriten/totalBytesWriten/totalExpectedBytesWriten,但AFNetworking中使用的都是NSProgress。因此,我们也采用NSProgress表示进度。
  3. 下载完成的回调 通知下载完成的方式有通知/代理/Block,我们采用的是Block。
  4. 下载失败的回调 同上
  5. 根据url获取下载对象 我们把下载的对象包装成了MCDownloadReceipt,我能够在MCDownloadReceipt对象中获取到我们需要的所有内容。
  6. 回复/暂停/取消 下载任务 这些功能,我们使用协议来实现。
  7. 下载限制和顺序 我们能够自定义同时下载文件的个数,默认为4个。能够自定义等待队列中的任务是先进先出还是后进先出。

设计思路

写一个下载器,一定需要一个对象来描述下载的文件。在这个下载器中,我们使用MCDownloadReceipt。既然是一个信息的载体,那么从设计角度来说,我们应该使用它来存储跟文件相关的内容,不应该让他完成其他更多的事情,比如说开始,暂停等等。

MCDownloadReceipt使用归档进行本地化存储。

核心下载使用NSURLSession实现,下边我们会介绍详情。

MCDownloadReceipt

MCDownloadReceipt的主要功能是用于记录下载信息。即使下载未完成,也能在MCDownloadReceipt的filePath路径下找个这个文件。

我们先来看看暴露出来的头文件信息:

  • NSString *url 作为MCDownloadReceipt的唯一标识。
  • NSString *filePath MCDownloadReceipt的文件索引。
  • NSString *filename MCDownloadReceipt的文件名,命名规则为:把url进行MD5编码后作为文件名,url中如果有后缀,就拼接后缀。
  • MCDownloadState state MCDownloadReceipt的状态
    • MCDownloadStateNone,
    • MCDownloadStateWillResume,
    • MCDownloadStateDownloading,
    • MCDownloadStateSuspened,
    • MCDownloadStateCompleted,
    • MCDownloadStateFailed
  • long long totalBytesWritten 总共写入的数据的大小
  • totalBytesExpectedToWrite 文件总大小
  • NSOutputStream *stream 用于把数据写入到路径中
1.获取filename

通常我们把文件的下载URL进行MD5编码后在拼接上后缀名来作为本地文件的名称。

把一个字符串转为MD5字符串:

static NSString * getMD5String(NSString *str) {

    if (str == nil) return nil;

    const char *cstring = str.UTF8String;
unsigned char bytes[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
CC_MD5(cstring, (CC_LONG)strlen(cstring), bytes); NSMutableString *md5String = [NSMutableString string];
for (int i = 0; i < CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++) {
[md5String appendFormat:@"%02x", bytes[i]];
}
return md5String;
}

拼接名称:

- (NSString *)filename {
if (_filename == nil) {
NSString *pathExtension = self.url.pathExtension;
if (pathExtension.length) {
_filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.%@", getMD5String(self.url), pathExtension];
} else {
_filename = getMD5String(self.url);
}
}
return _filename;
}
2.获取filePath

首先我们要获取一个缓存的路径:

NSString * const MCDownloadCacheFolderName = @"MCDownloadCache";

static NSString * cacheFolder() {
NSFileManager *filemgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
static NSString *cacheFolder;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
if (!cacheFolder) {
NSString *cacheDir = NSHomeDirectory();
cacheFolder = [cacheDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:MCDownloadCacheFolderName];
}
NSError *error = nil;
if(![filemgr createDirectoryAtPath:cacheFolder withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Failed to create cache directory at %@", cacheFolder);
cacheFolder = nil;
}
}); return cacheFolder;
}

拼接路径和文件名:

- (NSString *)filePath {

    NSString *path = [cacheFolder() stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.filename];
if (![path isEqualToString:_filePath] ) {
if (_filePath && ![[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:_filePath]) {
NSString *dir = [_filePath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:dir withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
}
_filePath = path;
} return _filePath;
}
3.获取文件的大小

获取某个路径下文件的大小:

static unsigned long long fileSizeForPath(NSString *path) {

    signed long long fileSize = 0;
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:path]) {
NSError *error = nil;
NSDictionary *fileDict = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:&error];
if (!error && fileDict) {
fileSize = [fileDict fileSize];
}
}
return fileSize;
}

获取本对象的文件大小:

- (long long)totalBytesWritten {

    return fileSizeForPath(self.filePath);
}
4.初始化stream
- (NSOutputStream *)stream
{
if (_stream == nil) {
_stream = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToFileAtPath:self.filePath append:YES];
}
return _stream;
}
5.设置progress
- (NSProgress *)progress {
if (_progress == nil) {
_progress = [[NSProgress alloc] initWithParent:nil userInfo:nil];
}
_progress.totalUnitCount = self.totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
_progress.completedUnitCount = self.totalBytesWritten;
return _progress;
}
6.初始化和归档
- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString *)url {
if (self = [self init]) { self.url = url;
self.totalBytesExpectedToWrite = 1;
}
return self;
} #pragma mark - NSCoding
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
[aCoder encodeObject:self.url forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(url))];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.filePath forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(filePath))];
[aCoder encodeObject:@(self.state) forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(state))];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.filename forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(filename))];
[aCoder encodeObject:@(self.totalBytesWritten) forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(totalBytesWritten))];
[aCoder encodeObject:@(self.totalBytesExpectedToWrite) forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(totalBytesExpectedToWrite))]; } - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.url = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(url))];
self.filePath = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(filePath))];
self.state = [[aDecoder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSNumber class] forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(state))] unsignedIntegerValue];
self.filename = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(filename))];
self.totalBytesWritten = [[aDecoder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSNumber class] forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(totalBytesWritten))] unsignedIntegerValue];
self.totalBytesExpectedToWrite = [[aDecoder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSNumber class] forKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(totalBytesExpectedToWrite))] unsignedIntegerValue]; }
return self;
}

MCDownloadControlDelegate

是这样的,如果我们要给某个对象扩展一类的功能或者方法,那么我们最好使用协议。在AFNetworking的AFURLResponseSerialization和AFURLRequestSerialization就是最好的例子。

@protocol MCDownloadControlDelegate <NSObject>

- (void)resumeWithURL:(NSString * _Nonnull)url;
- (void)resumeWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt * _Nonnull)receipt; - (void)suspendWithURL:(NSString * _Nonnull)url;
- (void)suspendWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt * _Nonnull)receipt; - (void)removeWithURL:(NSString * _Nonnull)url;
- (void)removeWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt * _Nonnull)receipt; @end

实现部分:

#pragma mark - MCDownloadControlDelegate

- (void)resumeWithURL:(NSString *)url {

    if (url == nil) return;

    MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:url];
[self resumeWithDownloadReceipt:receipt]; }
- (void)resumeWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt *)receipt { if ([self isActiveRequestCountBelowMaximumLimit]) {
[self startTask:self.tasks[receipt.url]];
}else {
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateWillResume;
[self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts];
[self enqueueTask:self.tasks[receipt.url]];
}
} - (void)suspendAll { for (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task in self.queuedTasks) {
[task suspend];
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:task.taskDescription];
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateSuspened;
} [self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts]; }
-(void)suspendWithURL:(NSString *)url { if (url == nil) return; MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:url];
[self suspendWithDownloadReceipt:receipt]; }
- (void)suspendWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt *)receipt { [self updateReceiptWithURL:receipt.url state:MCDownloadStateSuspened];
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = self.tasks[receipt.url];
if (task) {
[task suspend];
}
} - (void)removeWithURL:(NSString *)url { if (url == nil) return; MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:url];
[self removeWithDownloadReceipt:receipt]; }
- (void)removeWithDownloadReceipt:(MCDownloadReceipt *)receipt { NSURLSessionDataTask *task = self.tasks[receipt.url];
if (task) {
[task cancel];
} [self.queuedTasks removeObject:task];
[self safelyRemoveTaskWithURLIdentifier:receipt.url]; [self.allDownloadReceipts removeObject:receipt]; [self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts]; NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
[fileManager removeItemAtPath:receipt.filePath error:nil]; }

MCDownloadManager

初始化MCDownloadManager跟AFNetworkingAFImageDownloader的初始化很像,做一些网络配置。参数配置。我们规定下载任务的创建都放在一个专有的同步队列中完成。我们还要监听applicationWillTerminateapplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning这两个通知,并在通知方法中,暂停多有的下载任务。

初始化示例代码:

+ (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)defaultURLSessionConfiguration {
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]; configuration.HTTPShouldSetCookies = YES;
configuration.HTTPShouldUsePipelining = NO;
configuration.requestCachePolicy = NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy;
configuration.allowsCellularAccess = YES;
configuration.timeoutIntervalForRequest = 60.0; return configuration;
} - (instancetype)init { NSURLSessionConfiguration *defaultConfiguration = [self.class defaultURLSessionConfiguration]; NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1;
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:defaultConfiguration delegate:self delegateQueue:queue]; return [self initWithSession:session
downloadPrioritization:MCDownloadPrioritizationFIFO
maximumActiveDownloads:4 ];
} - (instancetype)initWithSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadPrioritization:(MCDownloadPrioritization)downloadPrioritization maximumActiveDownloads:(NSInteger)maximumActiveDownloads {
if (self = [super init]) { self.session = session;
self.downloadPrioritizaton = downloadPrioritization;
self.maximumActiveDownloads = maximumActiveDownloads; self.queuedTasks = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
self.tasks = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
self.activeRequestCount = 0; NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"com.mc.downloadManager.synchronizationqueue-%@", [[NSUUID UUID] UUIDString]];
self.synchronizationQueue = dispatch_queue_create([name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding], DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(applicationWillTerminate:) name:UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification object:nil];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:) name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification object:nil]; } return self;
} + (instancetype)defaultInstance {
static MCDownloadManager *sharedInstance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
sharedInstance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return sharedInstance;
}

初始化完成后,我们需要在MCDownloadManager中拿到所有的下载的数据,以及能够保存这些数据到本地。

示例代码:

- (NSMutableArray *)allDownloadReceipts {
if (_allDownloadReceipts == nil) {
NSArray *receipts = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:LocalReceiptsPath()];
_allDownloadReceipts = receipts != nil ? receipts.mutableCopy : [NSMutableArray array];
}
return _allDownloadReceipts;
} - (void)saveReceipts:(NSArray <MCDownloadReceipt *>*)receipts {
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:receipts toFile:LocalReceiptsPath()];
}

下载的核心方法:

- (MCDownloadReceipt *)downloadFileWithURL:(NSString *)url
progress:(void (^)(NSProgress * _Nonnull,MCDownloadReceipt *receipt))downloadProgressBlock
destination:(NSURL * (^)(NSURL * _Nonnull, NSURLResponse * _Nonnull))destination
success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLRequest * _Nullable, NSHTTPURLResponse * _Nullable, NSURL * _Nonnull))success
failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLRequest * _Nullable, NSHTTPURLResponse * _Nullable, NSError * _Nonnull))failure { __block MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:url]; dispatch_sync(self.synchronizationQueue, ^{
NSString *URLIdentifier = url;
if (URLIdentifier == nil) {
if (failure) {
NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorBadURL userInfo:nil];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
failure(nil, nil, error);
});
}
return;
} receipt.successBlock = success;
receipt.failureBlock = failure;
receipt.progressBlock = downloadProgressBlock; if (receipt.state == MCDownloadStateCompleted) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (receipt.successBlock) {
receipt.successBlock(nil,nil,[NSURL URLWithString:receipt.url]);
}
});
return ;
} if (receipt.state == MCDownloadStateDownloading) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (receipt.progressBlock) {
receipt.progressBlock(receipt.progress,receipt);
}
});
return ;
} NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:receipt.url]];
NSString *range = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bytes=%zd-", receipt.totalBytesWritten];
[request setValue:range forHTTPHeaderField:@"Range"]; NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
task.taskDescription = receipt.url;
self.tasks[receipt.url] = task;
[self.queuedTasks addObject:task]; [self resumeWithURL:receipt.url]; });
return receipt;
}

--

- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask*)safelyRemoveTaskWithURLIdentifier:(NSString *)URLIdentifier {
__block NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = nil;
dispatch_sync(self.synchronizationQueue, ^{
task = [self removeTaskWithURLIdentifier:URLIdentifier];
});
return task;
} //This method should only be called from safely within the synchronizationQueue
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)removeTaskWithURLIdentifier:(NSString *)URLIdentifier {
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = self.tasks[URLIdentifier];
[self.tasks removeObjectForKey:URLIdentifier];
return task;
} - (void)safelyDecrementActiveTaskCount {
dispatch_sync(self.synchronizationQueue, ^{
if (self.activeRequestCount > 0) {
self.activeRequestCount -= 1;
}
});
} - (void)safelyStartNextTaskIfNecessary {
dispatch_sync(self.synchronizationQueue, ^{
if ([self isActiveRequestCountBelowMaximumLimit]) {
while (self.queuedTasks.count > 0) {
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = [self dequeueTask];
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:task.taskDescription];
if (task.state == NSURLSessionTaskStateSuspended && receipt.state == MCDownloadStateWillResume) {
[self startTask:task];
break;
}
}
}
});
} - (void)startTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)task {
[task resume];
++self.activeRequestCount;
[self updateReceiptWithURL:task.taskDescription state:MCDownloadStateDownloading];
} - (void)enqueueTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)task {
switch (self.downloadPrioritizaton) {
case MCDownloadPrioritizationFIFO: //
[self.queuedTasks addObject:task];
break;
case MCDownloadPrioritizationLIFO: //
[self.queuedTasks insertObject:task atIndex:0];
break;
}
} - (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)dequeueTask {
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = nil;
task = [self.queuedTasks firstObject];
[self.queuedTasks removeObject:task];
return task;
} - (BOOL)isActiveRequestCountBelowMaximumLimit {
return self.activeRequestCount < self.maximumActiveDownloads;
}

根据URL获取receipt对象:

- (MCDownloadReceipt *)downloadReceiptForURL:(NSString *)url {

    if (url == nil) return nil;
for (MCDownloadReceipt *receipt in self.allDownloadReceipts) {
if ([receipt.url isEqualToString:url]) {
return receipt;
}
}
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [[MCDownloadReceipt alloc] initWithURL:url];
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateNone;
receipt.totalBytesExpectedToWrite = 1;
[self.allDownloadReceipts addObject:receipt];
[self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts];
return receipt;
}

NSURLSessionDataDelegate:

在接到响应后,保存totalBytesExpectedToWrite和state

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler
{
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:dataTask.taskDescription];
receipt.totalBytesExpectedToWrite = dataTask.countOfBytesExpectedToReceive;
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateDownloading;
@synchronized (self) {
[self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts];
} [receipt.stream open]; completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}

在接收到数据后,写入文件并且调用progressBlock

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:dataTask.taskDescription]; [receipt.stream write:data.bytes maxLength:data.length]; receipt.progress.totalUnitCount = receipt.totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
receipt.progress.completedUnitCount = receipt.totalBytesWritten;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (receipt.progressBlock) {
receipt.progressBlock(receipt.progress,receipt);
}
}); }

下载完成后

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error
{
MCDownloadReceipt *receipt = [self downloadReceiptForURL:task.taskDescription];
[receipt.stream close];
receipt.stream = nil; if (error) {
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateFailed;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (receipt.failureBlock) {
receipt.failureBlock(task.originalRequest,(NSHTTPURLResponse *)task.response,error);
}
});
}else {
receipt.state = MCDownloadStateCompleted;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (receipt.successBlock) {
receipt.successBlock(task.originalRequest,(NSHTTPURLResponse *)task.response,task.originalRequest.URL);
}
});
}
@synchronized (self) {
[self saveReceipts:self.allDownloadReceipts];
}
[self safelyDecrementActiveTaskCount];
[self safelyStartNextTaskIfNecessary]; }

总结

这个下载器就介绍到这里了,可以在https://github.com/agelessman/MCDownloadManager.git下载demo。如发现任何问题或改进意见,可以留言,我会尽力完成。

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