Spring框架学习之第8节

<!—第一方法引用-->

<!—内部bean—>

<bean>

</bean>

</property>

</bean>

④集成配置

public class Student

public class Graduate extends Student

在beans.xml文件中配置

思考：目前我们都是通过set的方式给bean注入值的，spring还提供了其他的方式注入值，通过构造函数注入值

通过构造函数注入值

beans.xml文件关键代码

<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="大明"/>

<constructor-arg index="1" type="int" value="23"/>

</bean>

set注入的缺点是无法清晰表达哪些属性是必须的，哪些是可选的，构造注入的优势是通过构造强制依赖关系，不可能实例化不完全的或无法使用的bean。

自动装配bean的属性值

（1） byName的用法

</property>

<!--

/* 传统的方法 */

-->

</bean>

</bean>

原理图：

（1） byType

寻找和属性类型相同的bean,找不到,装不上,找到多个抛异常

（2） constructor：autowire="constructor"

说明：

查找和bean的构造参数一致的一个或多个bean，若找不到或找到多个，抛异常。按照参数的类型装配。

（3） autodetect：autowire="autodetect"

说明：(3)和(2)之间选一个方式。不确定

性的处理与(3)和(2)一致。

（4） defualt

这个需要在<beans defualt-autorwire=“指定” />

当你在<beans>指定了default-autowire后，所有的bean的默认的autowire就是指定的装配方法

如果没有在<beans defualt-autorwire=“指定” />，没有default-autowire=”指定”，则默认是default-autowire=”no”.

（5） no：不自动装配

使用spring的特殊bean,完成分散配置

beans.xml

说明：当通过context:property-placeholder引入多个属性文件的时候使用逗号间隔

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:com/litao/dispatch/db.properties,classpath:com/litao/dispatch/db2.properties"/>

</bean>

</bean>

db.properties

name=scott

drivername=oracle:jdbc:driver:OracleDriver

url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:hsp

pwd=tiger

#key=value

项目结构：

/******************************com.litao.autowire包***************************************************/

com.litao.autowire.App1.java

package com.litao.autowire;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App1 {

    /**

     * @param args

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/litao/autowire/beans.xml");

        //通过容器获取主人

        Master master = (Master) ac.getBean("master");

        System.out.println(master.getName()+" "+master.getDog().getName());

    }

}

com.litao.autowire.Dog.java

package com.litao.autowire;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

public class Dog {

	private String name;

	private int age;

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public int getAge() {

		return age;

	}

	public void setAge(int age) {

		this.age = age;

	}

}

com.litao.autowire.Master.java

package com.litao.autowire;

public class Master {

	private String name;

	private Dog dog;

	public Master(Dog dog){

		System.out.println("Master(Dog dog)构造函数被调用");

		this.dog = dog;

	}

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public Dog getDog() {

		return dog;

	}

	public void setDog(Dog dog) {

		this.dog = dog;

	}

}

com.litao.autowire.beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

		xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

		xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

		xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"

				 default-autowire="no"

				>        

<!-- 配置一个master对象 -->

<bean id="master" class="com.litao.autowire.Master">

<property name="name">

<value>顺平</value>

</property>

<!--

/* 传统的方法 */

<property name="dog" ref="dog" />

-->

</bean>

<!-- 配置dog对象 -->

<bean id="dog11" class="com.litao.autowire.Dog">

<property name="name" value="小黄" />

<property name="age" value="3" />

</bean>

</beans>

/******************************com.litao.collection包***************************************************/

App1.java

package com.litao.collection;

import java.util.Enumeration;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Properties;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App1 {

    /**

     * @param args

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/litao/collection/beans.xml");

        Department department = (Department)ac.getBean("department");

        System.out.println(department.getName());

        for (String emName : department.getEmpName()) {

            System.out.println(emName);

        }

        System.out.println("************通过list集合取出数据**************");

        for(Employee e: department.getEmpList()){

            System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + " " + e.getId());

        }

        //set取得时候不能保证顺序，list取时可以保证顺序

        System.out.println("************通过set集合取出数据**************");

        for(Employee e: department.getEmpsets()){

            System.out.println("name=" + e.getName());

        }

        System.out.println("************通过map集合取出数据**************");

        //1.用迭代器

        Map<String,Employee> empmaps = department.getEmpMaps();

        Iterator it = empmaps.keySet().iterator();

        while (it.hasNext()) {

            String key = (String)it.next();

            //System.out.println(key);

            Employee emp = empmaps.get(key);

            System.out.println("key="+key+" "+emp.getName());

        }

        //2.最简洁的方法

        for(Entry<String,Employee> entry1:department.getEmpMaps().entrySet()){

            System.out.println(entry1.getKey() + " " + entry1.getValue().getName());

        }

        System.out.println("**************通过Properties取出数据**************");

         Properties pp = department.getPp();

         //System.out.println(pp.getProperty("pp1").toString());

         for(Entry<Object,Object> entry:pp.entrySet()){

        	 System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString()+" "+ entry.getValue().toString());

         }

         System.out.println("**************通过Enumeration取出数据**************");

         Enumeration en = pp.keys();

         while (en.hasMoreElements()) {

        	 //Entry<Object,Object> element = (Entry<Object,Object>) en.nextElement();

			//System.out.println(element.getKey()+ " " +element.getValue());

        	 String key = (String)en.nextElement();

			System.out.println(key+ " " + pp.getProperty(key));

		}

    }

}

Department.java

package com.litao.collection;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Properties;

import java.util.Set;

public class Department {

    private String name;

    private String[] empName;

    private List<Employee> empList;

    private Set<Employee> empsets;

    private Map<String,Employee> empMaps;

    private Properties pp;//Properties的配置使用

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public String[] getEmpName() {

        return empName;

    }

    public void setEmpName(String[] empName) {

        this.empName = empName;

    }

    public List<Employee> getEmpList() {

        return empList;

    }

    public void setEmpList(List<Employee> empList) {

        this.empList = empList;

    }

    public Set<Employee> getEmpsets() {

        return empsets;

    }

    public void setEmpsets(Set<Employee> empsets) {

        this.empsets = empsets;

    }

    public Map<String, Employee> getEmpMaps() {

        return empMaps;

    }

    public void setEmpMaps(Map<String, Employee> empMaps) {

        this.empMaps = empMaps;

    }

	public Properties getPp() {

		return pp;

	}

	public void setPp(Properties pp) {

		this.pp = pp;

	}

}

Employee.java

package com.litao.collection;

public class Employee {

    private String name;

    private int id;

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public int getId() {

        return id;

    }

    public void setId(int id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

        xsi:schemaLocation="

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<bean id="department" class="com.litao.collection.Department">

<property name="name" value="财务部" />

<!-- 给数组注入值 -->

<property name="empName">

<list>

    <value>小明</value>

    <value>小明小明</value>

    <value>小明小明小明小明</value>

</list>

</property>

<!-- 给list注入值 list中可以有相同的对象 -->

<property name="empList">

    <list>

        <ref bean="emp1"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

    </list>

</property>

<!-- 给set注入值 set中不能有相同的对象 -->

<property name="empsets">

    <set>

        <ref bean="emp1"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

        <ref bean="emp2"/>

    </set>

</property>

<!-- 给map注入值 map中也不能有相同的对象，后面的会把前面的覆盖，map只要key一样就可以装配value对应的bean -->

<property name="empMaps">

    <map>

        <entry key="1" value-ref="emp1"></entry>

        <entry key="2" value-ref="emp2"></entry>

        <entry key="2" value-ref="emp2"></entry>

    </map>

</property>

<!-- 给属性集合配置 -->

<property name="pp">

	<props>

		<prop key="pp1">abcd</prop>

		<prop key="pp2">hello</prop>

	</props>

</property>

</bean>

<bean id="emp1" class="com.litao.collection.Employee">

<property name="name" value="北京" />

<property name="id" value="1" />

</bean>

<bean id="emp2" class="com.litao.collection.Employee">

<property name="name" value="天津" />

<property name="id" value="2" />

</bean>

</beans>

/******************************com.litao.constructor包************************************************/

App1.java

package com.litao.constructor;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App1 {

	/**

	 * @param args

	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/litao/constructor/beans.xml");

        Employee ee = (Employee)ac.getBean("employee");

        System.out.println(ee.getName());

	}

}

Employee.java

package com.litao.constructor;

public class Employee {

	private String name;

	private int age;

	public Employee() {

	}

	public Employee(String name, int age) {

		System.out.println("Employee(String name, int age)构造函数被调用");

		this.name = name;

		this.age = age;

	}

	public Employee(String name) {

		System.out.println("Employee(String name)构造函数被调用");

		this.name = name;

	}

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public int getAge() {

		return age;

	}

	public void setAge(int age) {

		this.age = age;

	}

}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

		xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

		xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

		xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<!-- 配置一个雇员对象 -->

<bean id="employee" class="com.litao.constructor.Employee">

<!-- 通过构造函数来注入属性值 index代表第几个参数，type是类型 -->

<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="大明"/>

<constructor-arg index="1" type="int" value="23"/>

</bean>

</beans>

/******************************com.litao.dispatch包************************************************/

App1.java

package com.litao.dispatch;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App1 {

	/**

	 * @param args

	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/litao/dispatch/beans.xml");

        DBUtil dbUtil = (DBUtil)ac.getBean("dbutil2");

        System.out.println(dbUtil.getDrivername()+" "+ dbUtil.getPwd());

	}

}

DBUtil.java

package com.litao.dispatch;

public class DBUtil {

	private String drivername;

	private String url;

	private String name;

	private String pwd;

	public String getDrivername() {

		return drivername;

	}

	public void setDrivername(String drivername) {

		this.drivername = drivername;

	}

	public String getUrl() {

		return url;

	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {

		this.url = url;

	}

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public String getPwd() {

		return pwd;

	}

	public void setPwd(String pwd) {

		this.pwd = pwd;

	}

}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

		xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

		xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

		xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

				http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">        

<!-- 引入我们的db.properties文件 -->

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:com/litao/dispatch/db.properties,classpath:com/litao/dispatch/db2.properties"/>

<!-- 配置一个DButil对象 -->

<bean id="dbutil" class="com.litao.dispatch.DBUtil">

<property name="name" value="${name}" />

<property name="drivername" value="${drivername}" />

<property name="url" value="${url}" />

<property name="pwd" value="${pwd}" />

</bean>

<!-- 配置一个DButil2对象 -->

<bean id="dbutil2" class="com.litao.dispatch.DBUtil">

<property name="name" value="${db2.name}" />

<property name="drivername" value="${db2.drivername}" />

<property name="url" value="${db2.url}" />

<property name="pwd" value="${db2.pwd}" />

</bean>

</beans>

db.properties

name=scott

drivername=oracle:jdbc:driver:OracleDriver

url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:hsp

pwd=tiger

#key=value

db.properties2

db2.name=scott3

db2.drivername=oracle:jdbc:driver:OracleDriver3

db2.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:hsp3

db2.pwd=tiger3

#key=value

/******************************com.litao.inherit包************************************************/

App1.java

package com.litao.inherit;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App1 {

	/**

	 * @param args

	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		   ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/litao/inherit/beans.xml");

		   Graduate graduate = (Graduate)ac.getBean("graduate");

		   System.out.println(graduate.getName() + " " + graduate.getAge() + " " + graduate.getDegree());

	}

}

Graduate.java

package com.litao.inherit;

public class Graduate extends Student {

	private String degree;

	public String getDegree() {

		return degree;

	}

	public void setDegree(String degree) {

		this.degree = degree;

	}

}

Student.java

package com.litao.inherit;

public class Student {

	protected String name;

	protected String age;

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public String getAge() {

		return age;

	}

	public void setAge(String age) {

		this.age = age;

	}

}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

        xsi:schemaLocation="

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<!-- 配置一个学生对象 -->

<bean id="student" class="com.litao.inherit.Student">

	<property name="name" value=" 李涛" />

	<property name="age" value="30" />

</bean>

<!-- 配置一个Graduate对象 -->

<bean id="graduate" parent="student" class="com.litao.inherit.Graduate">

	<!-- 如果自己配置属性name,age,则会替换从父对象集成的数据 -->

	<property name="name" value="小明" />

	<property name="degree" value="学士" />

</bean>

</beans>

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