luffy项目：基于vue与drf前后台分离项目（2）

user模块User表

创建user模块

前提：在 luffy 虚拟环境下

1.终端从项目根目录进入apps目录
>: cd luffyapi & cd apps

2.创建app
>: python ../../manage.py startapp user

在pycharm终端下创建，先切换到指定的apps文件目录下。

创建User表对应的model：user/models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
    icon = models.ImageField(upload_to='icon', default='icon/default.png')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'luffy_user'
        verbose_name = '用户表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

注册user模块，配置User表：dev.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'user',
]

# 自定义User表
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.User'

配置media

dev.py

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

media目录配置

"""
├── luffyapi
    └──    luffyapi/
           └──    media/
            └──    icon
                └── default.png
"""

主路由：luffyapi/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('user/', include('user.urls')),

    re_path('^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
]

子路由：user/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path
urlpatterns = [

]

前台搭建

vue化境

1.傻瓜式安装node:
官网下载：https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/

2.安装cnpm:
>: npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

3.安装vue最新脚手架:
>: cnpm install -g @vue/cli

注：如果2、3步报错，清除缓存后重新走2、3步
>: npm cache clean --force

创建项目

"""
前提：在目标目录新建luffy文件夹
>: cd 建立的luffy文件夹
>: vue create luffycity
"""

重构项目目录

"""
├── luffycity
    ├── public/                      # 项目共有资源
        ├── favicon.ico                # 站点图标
        └── index.html                # 主页
    ├── src/                          # 项目主应用，开发时的代码保存
        ├── assets/                  # 前台静态资源总目录
            ├── css/                # 自定义css样式
                └── global.css        # 自定义全局样式
            ├── js/                    # 自定义js样式
                └── settings.js        # 自定义配置文件
            └── img/                # 前台图片资源
        ├── components/                # 小组件目录
        ├── views/                  # 页面组件目录
        ├── App.vue                    # 根路由
        ├── main.js                    # 入口脚本文件
        ├── router
            └── index.js            # 路由脚本文件
        store
            └── index.js            # 仓库脚本文件
    ├── vue.config.js                # 项目配置文件
    └── *.*                            # 其他配置文件
"""

文件修订：目录中飞配置文件的多余文件可以移除:

app.vue

<template>
    <div id="app">
        <router-view/>
    </div>
</template>

router/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import Home from '../views/Home.vue'

Vue.use(VueRouter);

const routes = [
    {
        path: '/',
        name: 'home',
        component: Home
    },
];

const router = new VueRouter({
    mode: 'history',
    base: process.env.BASE_URL,
    routes
});

export default router

Home.vue

<template>
    <div class="home">
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: 'home',
        components: {
        },
    }
</script>

全局配置：全局样式、配置文件

global.css

/* 声明全局样式和项目的初始化样式 */
body, h1, h2, h3, h4, p, table, tr, td, ul, li, a, form, input, select, option, textarea {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 15px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
}

ul {
    list-style: none;
}

table {
    border-collapse: collapse; /* 合并边框 */
}

settings.js   默认的url连接跳转,前后台交互，发送AjAx数据请求。

export default {
    base_url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
}

main.js

// 配置全局样式
import '@/assets/css/global.css'

// 配置全局自定义设置
import settings from '@/assets/js/settings'
Vue.prototype.$settings = settings;
// 在所有需要与后台交互的组件中：this.$settings.base_url + '再拼接具体后台路由'

项目重构，添加

luffy前台配置

axios前台交互

安装：前端项目目录下的终端输入：

>: cnpm install axios

配置：main.js

import axios from 'axios'
Vue.prototype.$axios = axios;

cookies操作

　　安装：前端项目目录下的终端输入：

>: cnpm install vue-cookies

配置：main.js

import cookies from 'vue-cookies'
Vue.prototype.$cookies = cookies;

element-ui页面组件框架

安装：前端项目目录下的终端

>: cnpm install element-ui

配置：main.js

import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
Vue.use(ElementUI);

// bootstrap+jq配置：cnpm install jquery、cnpm install bootstrap@3
import 'bootstrap'
import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css'

bootstrap 页面组件框架

安装：

>: cnpm install jquery
>: cnpm install bootstrap@3

配置JQuery:vue.config.js  创建的固定文件名，位于主目录下面。

const webpack = require("webpack");

module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: {
        plugins: [
            new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
                $: "jquery",
                jQuery: "jquery",
                "window.jQuery": "jquery",
                "window.$": "jquery",
                Popper: ["popper.js", "default"]
            })
        ]
    }
};

配置bootstrap：main.js

import 'bootstrap'
import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css'

前端主页

　　图片准备，将提供的资料图片复制到项目的img文件下

页头组件：components/Header.vue

<template>
    <div class="header-box">
        <div class="header">
            <div class="content">
                <div class="logo full-left">
                    <router-link to="/"><img @click="jump('/')" src="@/assets/img/logo.svg" alt=""></router-link>
                </div>
                <ul class="nav full-left">
                    <li><span @click="jump('/course')" :class="this_nav=='/course'?'this':''">免费课</span></li>
                    <li><span @click="jump('/light-course')" :class="this_nav=='/light-course'?'this':''">轻课</span></li>
                    <li><span>学位课</span></li>
                    <li><span>题库</span></li>
                    <li><span>老男孩教育</span></li>
                </ul>
                <div class="login-bar full-right">
                    <div class="shop-cart full-left">
                        <img src="@/assets/img/cart.svg" alt="">
                        <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="login-box full-left">
                        <span>登录</span>
                        &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                        <span>注册</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "Header",
        data() {
            return {
                this_nav: "",
            }
        },
        created() {
            this.this_nav = localStorage.this_nav;
        },
        methods: {
            jump(location) {
                localStorage.this_nav = location;
                // vue-router除了提供router-link标签跳转页面以外，还提供了js跳转的方式
                this.$router.push(location);
            }
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .header-box {
        height: 80px;
    }

    .header {
        width: 100%;
        height: 80px;
        box-shadow: 0 0.5px 0.5px 0 #c9c9c9;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        margin: auto;
        z-index: 99;
        background: #fff;
    }

    .header .content {
        max-width: 1200px;
        width: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .header .content .logo {
        height: 80px;
        line-height: 80px;
        margin-right: 50px;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .header .content .logo img {
        vertical-align: middle;
    }

    .header .nav li {
        float: left;
        height: 80px;
        line-height: 80px;
        margin-right: 30px;
        font-size: 16px;
        color: #4a4a4a;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .header .nav li span {
        padding-bottom: 16px;
        padding-left: 5px;
        padding-right: 5px;
    }

    .header .nav li span a {
        display: inline-block;
    }

    .header .nav li .this {
        color: #4a4a4a;
        border-bottom: 4px solid #ffc210;
    }

    .header .nav li:hover span {
        color: #000;
    }

    .header .login-bar {
        height: 80px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart {
        margin-right: 20px;
        border-radius: 17px;
        background: #f7f7f7;
        cursor: pointer;
        font-size: 14px;
        height: 28px;
        width: 88px;
        margin-top: 30px;
        line-height: 32px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart:hover {
        background: #f0f0f0;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart img {
        width: 15px;
        margin-right: 4px;
        margin-left: 6px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart span {
        margin-right: 6px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box {
        margin-top: 33px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box span {
        color: #4a4a4a;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box span:hover {
        color: #000000;
    }

    .full-left {
        float: left !important;
    }

    .full-right {
        float: right !important;
    }

    .el-carousel__arrow {
        width: 120px;
        height: 120px;
    }

    .el-checkbox__input.is-checked .el-checkbox__inner,
    .el-checkbox__input.is-indeterminate .el-checkbox__inner {
        background: #ffc210;
        border-color: #ffc210;
        border: none;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner:hover {
        border-color: #9b9b9b;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner {
        width: 16px;
        height: 16px;
        border: 1px solid #9b9b9b;
        border-radius: 0;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner::after {
        height: 9px;
        width: 5px;
    }
</style>

轮播图组件：components/Banner.vue

<template>
    <el-carousel height="520px" :interval="3000" arrow="always">
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner1.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner2.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner3.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
    </el-carousel>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Banner",
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .el-carousel__item h3 {
        color: #475669;
        font-size: 18px;
        opacity: 0.75;
        line-height: 300px;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n) {
        background-color: #99a9bf;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n+1) {
        background-color: #d3dce6;
    }
    .el-carousel__item img {
        text-align: center;
        height: 520px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        display: block;
    }
</style>

页脚组件：components/Footer.vue

<template>
    <div class="footer">
        <ul>
            <li>关于我们</li>
            <li>联系我们</li>
            <li>商务合作</li>
            <li>帮助中心</li>
            <li>意见反馈</li>
            <li>新手指南</li>
        </ul>
        <p>Copyright © luffycity.com版权所有 | 京ICP备17072161号-1</p>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "Footer"
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .footer {
        width: 100%;
        height: 128px;
        background: #25292e;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .footer ul {
        margin: 0 auto 16px;
        padding-top: 38px;
        width: 810px;
    }

    .footer ul li {
        float: left;
        width: 112px;
        margin: 0 10px;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .footer ul::after {
        content: "";
        display: block;
        clear: both;
    }

    .footer p {
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 12px;
    }
</style>

主页组件：views/Home.vue

<template>
    <div class="home">
        <Header />
        <Banner />
        <Footer />
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import Header from '@/components/Header'
    import Banner from '@/components/Banner'
    import Footer from '@/components/Footer'

    export default {
        name: 'home',
        components: {
            Header,
            Banner,
            Footer
        },
    }
</script>

后台主页模块设计

创建home模块，创建应用appd到指定的文件apps目录下。

前提：在 luffy 虚拟环境下

1.终端从项目根目录进入apps目录
>: cd luffyapi & cd apps

2.创建app
>: python ../../manage.py startapp home

路由分发

主路由：Luffyapi/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    path('user/', include('home.urls')),
    # ...
]

子路由：home/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path
urlpatterns = [

]

Banner数据表models的设计

utils/models.py

from django.db import models

class BaseModel(models.Model):
    orders = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='显示顺序')
    is_show = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否上架", default=False)
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="逻辑删除", default=False)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

home/models.py

from django.db import models
from utils.model import BaseModel

class Banner(BaseModel):
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='轮播图', null=True, blank=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图名称')
    note = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='备注信息')
    link = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图广告地址')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'luffy_banner'
        verbose_name = '轮播图'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

数据库的迁移：在大luffyapi路径下的终端输入完整的执行命令

>: python manage.py makemigrations
>: python manage.py migrate

注册home模块：dev.py >> settings

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'rest_framework',
    'home',
]

设计Banner数据接口

home/serializers.py

from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
from . import models
class BannerModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Banner
        fields = ('name', 'note', 'image', 'link')

home/views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
class BannerListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Banner.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).order_by('-orders')
    serializer_class = serializers.BannerModelSerializer

home/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('banners/', views.BannerListAPIView.as_view())
]

接口

http://api.luffy.cn:8000/home/banner/

前后台分离跨域交互

后台处理跨域

安装插件

>: pip install django-cors-headers

插件参考地址：https://github.com/ottoyiu/django-cors-headers/

项目配置：dev.py

# 注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'corsheaders'
]

# 添加中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [
    ...
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'
]

# 允许跨域源
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True

前台请求Banner数据

修订Banner.vue

<template>
    <el-carousel height="520px" :interval="" arrow="always">
        <!-- 渲染后台数据 -->
        <el-carousel-item v-for="banner in banner_list" :key="banner.name">
            <a :href="banner.link">
                <img :src="banner.image" alt="" :title="banner.note">
            </a>
        </el-carousel-item>

    </el-carousel>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Banner",
        data() {
            return {
                banner_list: []
            }
        },
        created() {
            // 请求后台数据
            this.$axios({
                url: this.$settings.base_url + '/home/banners/',
                method: 'get',
            }).then(response => {
                // window.console.log(response.data);
                this.banner_list = response.data;
            }).catch(errors => {
                window.console.log(errors)
            })
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .el-carousel__item h3 {
        color: #475669;
        font-size: 18px;
        opacity: 0.75;
        line-height: 300px;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n) {
        background-color: #99a9bf;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n+1) {
        background-color: #d3dce6;
    }
    .el-carousel__item img {
        text-align: center;
        height: 520px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        display: block;
    }
</style>

xadmin后台管理

　　和django原生的admin功能是类似的，只是有一些渲染的效果页面。

安装：luffy虚拟环境下

# >: pip install https://codeload.github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin/zip/django2

官网获取：

注册app:dev.py，目的是替换掉原来自带的admin

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    # xamin主体模块
    'xadmin',
    # 渲染表格模块
    'crispy_forms',
    # 为模型通过版本控制，可以回滚数据
    'reversion',
]

xadmin:需要自己的数据库模型类，完成数据迁移

>>python manage.py makemigrations
>>python manage.py migrate

设置主路由替换掉admin：主urls.py

# xadmin的依赖
import xadmin
xadmin.autodiscover()
# xversion模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model
from xadmin.plugins import xversion
xversion.register_models()

urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

创建超级用户：大luffyapi路径下的终端

# 在项目根目录下的终端
python manage.py createsuperuser
# 账号密码设置：admin | admin123

完成xadmin全局配置：新建home/adminx.py

# home/adminx.py
# xadmin全局配置
import xadmin
from xadmin import views

class GlobalSettings(object):
    """xadmin的全局配置"""
    site_title = "路飞学城"  # 设置站点标题
    site_footer = "路飞学城有限公司"  # 设置站点的页脚
    menu_style = "accordion"  # 设置菜单折叠

xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)

在adminx.py中注册model：home/adminx.px

from . import models
# 注册
xadmin.site.register(models.Banner)

修改app:home的名字：xadmin页面上的显示效果

# home/__init__.py
default_app_config = "home.apps.HomeConfig"

# home/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class HomeConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'home'
    verbose_name = '我的首页'

修改后，xadmin后天管理的界面