JPG学习笔记4（附完整代码）

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　　JPG编码的第3步是量化。对于经过离散余弦变化后的8*8block的数据，我们要对这8*8的数据进行量化。在JPEG中量化就是对数据V除以某个数Q，得到round(V/Q)代替原来的数据。然后在JPG解码的时候再乘以M得到V。

需要注意的是，量化会丢失图片精度，而且是不可逆的。

M的大小同时也影响压缩的效果。M越大压缩效果越好，但是图片精度损失越大。

图片引用自"Compressed Image File Formats JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP - John Miano"[1]

1.JPEG的量化过程

首先我们会有一个8*8的量化表，这个表可以自定义，也可以用JPEG标准提供的量化表。

直接用我们的8*8的Block数据，除以对应的QuantizationTable的数据即可。

const Block QUANTIZATION_TABLE_Y = {16,  11,  10,  16,  24,   40,   51,   61,

                                    12,  12,  14,  19,  26,   58,   60,   55,

                                    14,  13,  16,  24,  40,   57,   69,   56,

                                    14,  17,  22,  29,  51,   87,   80,   62,

                                    18,  22,  37,  56,  68,   109,  103,  77,

                                    24,  35,  55,  64,  81,   104,  113,  92,

                                    49,  64,  78,  87,  103,  121,  120,  101,

                                    72,  92,  95,  98,  112,  100,  103,  99  };

const Block QUANTIZATION_TABLE_CBCR = { 17,  18,  24,  47,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        18,  21,  26,  66,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        24,  26,  56,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        47,  66,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,

                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99  };

量化表

假设我们的数据如左下，量化表如右下.

则round(V / A)就是我们需要的值了

2.代码

void JPG::quantization() {

    for (uint i = 0; i < mcuHeight; i++) {

        for (uint j = 0; j < mcuWidth; j++) {

            MCU& currentMCU = data[i * mcuWidth + j];

            //iterate over 每一个component Y, cb cr

            for (uint componentID = 1; componentID <= 3; componentID++) {

                //遍历block

                for(uint ii = 0; ii < getVerticalSamplingFrequency(componentID); ii++) {

                    for(uint jj = 0; jj < getHorizontalSamplingFrequency(componentID); jj++) {

                        Block& currentBlock = currentMCU[componentID][ii * getHorizontalSamplingFrequency(componentID) + jj];

                        const Block& quantizationTable = getQuantizationTableByID(componentID);

                        //这一步就是对64个像素进行量化

                        for(uint index = 0; index < 64; index++) {

                             currentBlock[index] = currentBlock[index] / quantizationTable[index];

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

以上全部的代码在https://github.com/Cheemion/JPEG_COMPRESS/tree/main/Day4

完结

Thanks for reading,

Wish you have a good day.

>>>> JPG学习笔记5（待续）

参考资料

[1]https://github.com/Cheemion/JPEG_COMPRESS/blob/main/resource/Compressed%20Image%20File%20Formats%20JPEG%2C%20PNG%2C%20GIF%2C%20XBM%2C%20BMP%20-%20John%20Miano.pdf