C#数据导出Excel详细介绍

概要：

excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。

Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间 
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual 
Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for 
Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll 
代码中添加引用using 
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; 
二、Excel类的简单介绍 
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为： 
ApplicationClass – 就是我们的excel应用程序。 
Workbook – 
就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。 
Worksheet – 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。 
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] – 
就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。 
知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。 
三、Excel的操作 
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。

ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。
if (xlsApp == null)
{
//对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel
}

1. 打开现有的Excel文件

Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[] as Worksheet; //第一个sheet页
mySheet.Name = "testsheet"; //这里修改sheet名称

2.复制sheet页

mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个

注意 
这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。 
3.删除sheet页

xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[] as Worksheet).Delete();

4.选中sheet页

(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); //选中某个sheet页

5.另存excel文件

workbook.Saved = true;
workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);

6.释放excel资源

workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
workbook = null;
xlsApp.Quit();
xlsApp = null;

一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码

/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
    if (dt == null||dt.Rows.Count==) return;
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();

    if (xlApp == null)
    {
        return;
    }
    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[];
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;
    long rowRead = ;
    float percent = ;
    for (int i = ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
    {
        worksheet.Cells[, i + ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[, i + ];
        range.Interior.ColorIndex = ;
        range.Font.Bold = true;
    }
    for (int r = ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)
    {
        for (int i = ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
        {
            worksheet.Cells[r + , i + ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
        }
        rowRead++;
        percent = ((float)( * rowRead)) / totalCount;
    }
    xlApp.Visible = true;
}

如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示

protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
    if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == ) return;
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();

    if (xlApp == null)
    {
        return;
    }
    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[];
    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;
    long rowRead = ;
    float percent = ;
    for (int i = ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
    {
        worksheet.Cells[, i + ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[, i + ];
        range.Interior.ColorIndex = ;
    }
    for (int r = ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)
    {
        for (int i = ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
        {
            try
            {
                worksheet.Cells[r + , i + ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
            }
            catch
            {
                worksheet.Cells[r + , i + ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace("=", "");
            }
        }
        rowRead++;
        percent = ((float)( * rowRead)) / totalCount;
    }

    worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, , , , );
    worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "", "Red", , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, , );
    xlApp.Visible = true;
}

我们调用如下:

public void GenerateExcel()
{
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
    dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
    dt.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(string));
    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
    dr["Name"] = "spring";
    dr["Age"] = "";
    dt.Rows.Add(dr);
    dt.AcceptChanges();
    ExportExcel(dt);
}

运行结果如下所示:

其中如下代码的作用是

worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, , , , );

在Excel的指定位置加入图片

worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "", "Red", , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, , );

在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.
我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:
先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：

public class ExcelBE
 {
     private int _row = ;
     private int _col = ;
     private string _text = string.Empty;
     private string _startCell = string.Empty;
     private string _endCell = string.Empty;
     private string _interiorColor = string.Empty;
     private bool _isMerge = false;
     private int _size = ;
     private string _fontColor = string.Empty;
     private string _format = string.Empty;

     public ExcelBE(int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format)
     {
         _row = row;
         _col = col;
         _text = text;
         _startCell = startCell;
         _endCell = endCell;
         _interiorColor = interiorColor;
         _isMerge = isMerge;
         _size = size;
         _fontColor = fontColor;
         _format = format;
     }

     public ExcelBE()
     { }

     public int Row
     {
         get { return _row; }
         set { _row = value; }
     }

     public int Col
     {
         get { return _col; }
         set { _col = value; }
     }

     public string Text
     {
         get { return _text; }
         set { _text = value; }
     }

     public string StartCell
     {
         get { return _startCell; }
         set { _startCell = value; }
     }

     public string EndCell
     {
         get { return _endCell; }
         set { _endCell = value; }
     }

     public string InteriorColor
     {
         get { return _interiorColor; }
         set { _interiorColor = value; }
     }

     public bool IsMerge
     {
         get { return _isMerge; }
         set { _isMerge = value; }
     }

     public int Size
     {
         get { return _size; }
         set { _size = value; }
     }

     public string FontColor
     {
         get { return _fontColor; }
         set { _fontColor = value; }
     }

     public string Formart
     {
         get { return _format; }
         set { _format = value; }
     }

 }

接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:

public class ExcelBase
{
    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null;
    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null;
    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null;
    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null;

    public ExcelBase()
    {
        createDoc();
    }

    public void createDoc()
    {
        try
        {
            app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
            app.Visible = true;
            workbook = app.Workbooks.Add();
            worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[];
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.Write("Error");
        }
        finally
        {
        }
    }

    public void InsertData(ExcelBE be)
    {
        worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text;
        workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);
        workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge;
        workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);
        workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
        workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size;
        workSheet_range.Font.Color = string.IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
        workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart;
    }

    private int GetColorValue(string interiorColor)
    {
        switch (interiorColor)
        {
            case "YELLOW":
                return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
            case "GRAY":
                return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();
            case "GAINSBORO":
                return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();
            case "Turquoise":
                return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();
            case "PeachPuff":
                return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();

            default:
                return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();
        }
    }
}

调用的代码如下:

private void btnRun_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase();
    //creates the main header
    ExcelBE be = null;
    be = new ExcelBE (, , "Total of Products", "B5", "D5", "YELLOW", true, , "n",null);
    excel.InsertData(be);
    //creates subheaders
    be = new ExcelBE (, , "Sold Product", "B6", "B6", "GRAY", true, , "",null);
    excel.InsertData(be);
    be=new ExcelBE(, , "", "C6", "C6", "GRAY", true, , "",null);
    excel.InsertData(be);
    be=new ExcelBE (, , "Initial Total", "D6", "D6", "GRAY", true, , "",null);
    excel.InsertData(be);
    //add Data to cells
    be=new ExcelBE (, , "", "B7", "B7",null,false,,"", "#,##0");
    excel.InsertData(be);
    be=new ExcelBE (, , "", "C7", "C7", null,false,,"",null);
    excel.InsertData(be);
    be = new ExcelBE(, , "", "D7", "D7