1、入门

1.1 参考blog

官方文档：http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#quickstart

yuan的Blog：http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html

alice的Blog：https://www.cnblogs.com/alice-bj/p/9228402.html

1.2 restful协议

restful协议

---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式

  1. ----book表增删改查
         /books/                 books
         /books/add/             addbook
         /books/(\d+)/change/    changebook
         /books/(\d+)/delete/    delbook
  2.  
  3. ----book表增删改查  url里面不能出现动词！！
         /books/     -----get            books      -----  返回当前所有数据
         /books/     -----post           books      -----  返回提交数据
  4.  
  5.      /books/(\d+)-----get            bookdetail -----  返回当前查看的单条数据
         /books/(\d+)-----put            bookdetail -----  返回更新数据
         /books/(\d+)-----delete         bookdetail -----  返回空
  1.  

1.3 安装

pip install django

pip install djangorestframework

2. 序列化方法

序列化是什么？ QuerySet-->list-->json

2.1 restdemo

model

  1. from django.db import models
  2.  
  3. class Book(models.Model):
  4.     title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  5.     price=models.IntegerField()
  6.     pub_date=models.DateField()
  7.     publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  8.     authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
  9.     def __str__(self):
  10.         return self.title
  11.  
  12. class Publish(models.Model):
  13.     name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  14.     email=models.EmailField()
  15.     def __str__(self):
  16.         return self.name
  17.  
  18. class Author(models.Model):
  19.     name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  20.     age=models.IntegerField()
  21.     def __str__(self):
  22.         return self.name

url

  1. from django.contrib import admin
  2. from django.urls import path
  3.  
  4. from app01 import views
  5.  
  6. urlpatterns = [
  7.     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  8.     path('publishes/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
  9. ]

view

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. # Create your views here.
  4. from django.views import View
  5.  
  6. from .models import Publish
  7. import json
  8.  
  9. class PublishView(View):
  10.  
  11.     def get(self,request):
  12.         # QuerySet-->vales取值--->list--->json
  13.         publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))
  14.  
  15.         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))
  16.  
  17.     def post(self,request):
  18.         pass

database

　　

data生成与迁移

　　python manage.py makemigrations

　　python manage.py migrate

运行django项目

　　

2.2 方式1 ：list()

2.3 方式2：model_to_dict(obj)

2.4 方式3：django serializers

2.5 方式4 ：restframework  serializers （推荐）

2.6 code

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. # 为queryset,model对象做序列化
  4. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  5.  
  6. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  7.     # 对哪些字段序列化
  8.     name = serializers.CharField()
  9.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  10.  
  11. from django.views import View
  12. from .models import Publish
  13. import json
  14.  
  15. class PublishView(View):
  16.  
  17.     def get(self,request):
  18.         # QuerySet--->list--->json
  19.  
  20.         # 序列化方式1  # list()
  21.         # publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))
  22.         #return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))
  23.  
  24.         # 序列化方式2  # model对象转换为dict
  25.         # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
  26.         # publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  27.         # temp = []
  28.         # for obj in publish_list:
  29.         #
  30.         #     temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))
  31.         #
  32.         #     # temp.append({
  33.         #     #     "name":obj.name,
  34.         #     #     "email":obj.email
  35.         #     # })
  36.         #
  37.         # return HttpResponse(temp)
  38.         #
  39.  
  40.         # 序列化方式3   # django的序列化组件
  41.         # from django.core import serializers
  42.         # publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  43.         # ret = serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
  44.         #
  45.         # return HttpResponse(ret)
  46.  
  47.         # 序列化方式4  rest_framework的序列化组件
  48.         publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  49.         ret = PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True)
  50.  
  51.         return HttpResponse(ret.data)
  52.  
  53.     def post(self,request):
  54.         pass

3.取数据:APIView

3.1 Django的原生request

1.get取数据

2.post取数据

 

3. request实质就是http报文头

  1.     (1)Django的原生request:
  2.  
  3.           浏览器   -------------  服务器
  4.  
  5.           "GET url?a=1&b=2 http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\n"
  6.           "POST url http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\na=1&b=2"
  7.  
  8.           request.body: a=1&b=2
  9.           request.POST:
  10.                        if contentType:urlencoded:
  11.                              a=1&b=2----->{"a":1,"b":2}
  12.

4.发送json

3.2 原生request源码

content-type

3.3 restframework下的 APIView

1. 新的request 取数据

2. urlencoded类型的data

3. get请求

3.3 APIView源码

1. 继承了基本的View

2. APIView下的dispatch

 

3.4 view代码

get:

　　request._request ( 原request )

　　request.GET == request._request.GET

post:

　　request.data ( 得到 json 数据，也可得到 urlencode 数据)

　　　　都是 rest_framework  APIView 的功劳，

　　如果使用 View , request.post( 只能得到 urlencode 的数据，不能得到 json 数据，只能从 request.body 中取)

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from django.views import View
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
  4.  
  5. # class PublishView(View):    # 原生View
  6. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  7.  
  8.     def get(self,request):
  9.  
  10.         # 取数据
  11.         print("request.data  ",request.data)
  12.         print("request.data type  ",type(request.data))
  13.         print(request._request.GET)  #旧的request
  14.         print(request.GET)
  15.         return HttpResponse("")
  16.  
  17.     def post(self,request):
  18.  
  19.         # 取数据
  20.  
  21.         # 1 原生reqeust支持的操作
  22.         # print("post...",request.POST)
  23.         # print("body...",request.body)
  24.  
  25.         # print(type(request))  # <class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest'>
  26.         # from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
  27.  
  28.         # 2 新的reqeust支持的操作
  29.         # request._request.POST  # 取出旧的request
  30.         print("request.data  ",request.data)
  31.         print("request.data type  ",type(request.data))
  32.  
  33.         return HttpResponse("POST")

4. 序列化字段:Serializer

4.1 准备demo

1. views

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. # 为queryset,model对象做序列化
  4. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  5. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     # 对哪些字段序列化
  7.     name = serializers.CharField()
  8.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  9.  
  10. # 为Book做序列化
  11. class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  12.     title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
  13.     price = serializers.IntegerField()
  14.     pub_date = serializers.DateField()
  15.  
  16. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  17. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  18.     def get(self,request):
  19.         return HttpResponse("")
  20.  
  21.     def post(self,request):
  22.         return HttpResponse("POST")
  23.  
  24. from .models import Book
  25. class BookView(APIView):
  26.     def get(self,request):
  27.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  28.         bs = BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  29.         return HttpResponse(bs.data)
  30.  
  31.     def post(self,request):
  32.         pass

2. database

Question报错：

　　return datetime.date(*map(int, val.split(b"-")))
　　OverflowError: Python int too large to convert to C long

原因：估计是sqlite中datetime的问题

　　　　

解决办法：创建superuser，进入admin页面，添加书籍，生成到数据库的data

　　　　   　　

4.2 响应器 response

""" 响应器
针对 不同得访问者 浏览器 postman 做不同得处理
只有浏览器，用户 会给一个页面！！

几种请求方式
get post
get put delete
"""

1.Response继承了HttpResponse

2. restframework就是一个app，需要注册

    

3.get得到的data实质

4.3 默认打印__str__定制的字段

      

  1.     # publish = serializers.CharField()  # 默认打印 __str__定义的字段名
  2.     publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")

5. 如何一对多显示

  

  1.     # 一对多
  2.     # authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")  #"authors": "<QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: yuan>]>"
  3.     authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  4.     def get_authors(self,obj):
  5.         temp = []
  6.         for obj in obj.authors.all():
  7.             temp.append(obj.name)
  8.         return temp

4.4 序列化的过程

  1. """
  2. 序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程
  3.     temp = []
  4.     for obj in book_list:
  5.         temp.append({
  6.             "title":obj.title,
  7.             "price":obj.price,
  8.             "pub_date":obj.pub_date,
  9.             "publish":str(obj.publish),  # obj.publish.name
  10.             "authors":get_authors(obj)
  11.         })
  12.  
  13.     return HttpResponse(temp)
  14.  
  15. """

4.5 code代码

view

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. # 为queryset,model对象做序列化
  4. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  5.  
  6. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  7.     # 对哪些字段序列化
  8.     name = serializers.CharField()
  9.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  10.  
  11. # 为Book做序列化
  12. class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  13.     title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
  14.     price = serializers.IntegerField()
  15.     pub_date = serializers.DateField()
  16.     # publish = serializers.CharField()  # 默认打印 __str__定义的字段名
  17.     publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
  18.  
  19.     # 一对多
  20.     # authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")  #"authors": "<QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: yuan>]>"
  21.     authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  22.     def get_authors(self,obj):
  23.         temp = []
  24.         for obj in obj.authors.all():
  25.             temp.append(obj.name)
  26.         return temp
  27.  
  28. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  29. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  30.  
  31.     def get(self,request):
  32.         return HttpResponse("")
  33.  
  34.     def post(self,request):
  35.         return HttpResponse("POST")
  36.  
  37. from .models import Book
  38. from rest_framework.response import Response
  39.  
  40. class BookView(APIView):
  41.     def get(self,request):
  42.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  43.         bs = BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  44.  
  45.         # return HttpResponse(bs.data)
  46.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  47.  
  48.     def post(self,request):
  49.         pass

5.序列化模型：ModelSerializers

5.1 以Book为例

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from .models import Book
  4.  
  5. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  6. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  7. from rest_framework.response import Response
  8.  
  9. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  10.     class Meta:
  11.         model = Book
  12.         fields = '__all__'
  13.  
  14. class BookView(APIView):
  15.     def get(self,request):
  16.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  17.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  18.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  19.  
  20.     def post(self,request):
  21.         pass
  22.  
  23. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  24.     # 对哪些字段序列化
  25.     name = serializers.CharField()
  26.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  27.  
  28. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  29.     def get(self,request):
  30.         return HttpResponse("")
  31.  
  32.     def post(self,request):
  33.         return HttpResponse("POST")

5.2 get请求：显示书籍，自定制

自定制字段的source

     

  1.     # 如何显示字段
  2.     publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")   # 原生的create不接受自定制，需要重写create方法
  3.  
  4.     authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField(source="authors.all")
  5.     def get_authors(self,obj):
  6.         temp = []
  7.         for obj in obj.authors.all():
  8.             temp.append(obj.name)
  9.         return temp

5.3 post请求，保存书籍

1. 取消自定制的，source

create方法中没有source自定义

  1.     def post(self,request):
  2.         # post请求的数据
  3.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  4.         if bs.is_valid():
  5.             print(bs.validated_data)
  6.             bs.save()  # create方法
  7.             return Response(bs.data)
  8.         else:
  9.             return Response(bs.errors)

2. 源码create

3. 发送json数据，提交到database

  

5.4 重写create方法

原生的create不接受自定制，需要重写create方法

  1. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  2.     class Meta:
  3.         model = Book
  4.         fields = '__all__'
  5.  
  6.     # 如何显示字段
  7.     publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")   # 原生的create不接受自定制，需要重写create方法
  8.  
  9.     # 重写create方法  # 不接受自定制字段，source
  10.     def create(self, validated_data):
  11.         print("validated_data...",validated_data)
  12.         book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data['title'],price=validated_data['price'],
  13.                                    pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'],publish_id=validated_data['publish']['name'])
  14.         book.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])
  15.  
  16.         return book

6.单条数据(get,put,delete)

6.1 解耦：新建serializer.py

1.serializer.py

  1. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  2.  
  3. from .models import Book
  4.  
  5. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField()
  7.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  8.  
  9. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  10.     class Meta:
  11.         model = Book
  12.         fields = '__all__'

2. view.py

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  4. from rest_framework.response import Response
  5.  
  6. from app01.serilizer import BookModelSerializers  # 从serilizer中导入
  7.  
  8. from .models import Book
  9.  
  10. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  11.     def get(self,request):
  12.         return HttpResponse("")
  13.  
  14.     def post(self,request):
  15.         return HttpResponse("POST")
  16.  
  17. class BookView(APIView):
  18.     def get(self,request):
  19.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  20.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  21.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  22.  
  23.     def post(self,request):
  24.         # post请求的数据
  25.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  26.         if bs.is_valid():
  27.             print(bs.validated_data)
  28.             bs.save()  # create方法
  29.             return Response(bs.data)
  30.         else:
  31.             return Response(bs.errors)

6.2 单条数据demo

urls:正则表达式用re_path

  1. from django.contrib import admin
  2. from django.urls import path
  3. from django.urls import re_path  # 正则表达式的
  4.  
  5. from app01 import views
  6.  
  7. urlpatterns = [
  8.     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  9.  
  10.     path('publishes/', views.PublishView.as_view()), # view(request)====> APIView:dispatch()
  11.     path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
  12.     re_path(r'books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
  13. ]

view

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  4. from rest_framework.response import Response
  5.  
  6. from app01.serilizer import BookModelSerializers  # 从serilizer中导入
  7.  
  8. from .models import Book
  9.  
  10. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  11.     def get(self,request):
  12.         return HttpResponse("")
  13.  
  14.     def post(self,request):
  15.         return HttpResponse("POST")
  16.  
  17. class BookView(APIView):
  18.     def get(self,request):
  19.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  20.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  21.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  22.  
  23.     def post(self,request):
  24.         # post请求的数据
  25.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  26.         if bs.is_valid():
  27.             print(bs.validated_data)
  28.             bs.save()  # create方法
  29.             return Response(bs.data)
  30.         else:
  31.             return Response(bs.errors)
  32.  
  33. class BookDetailView(APIView):
  34.     def get(self,request,id):
  35.         # 获取某本书的信息
  36.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 过滤单挑data
  37.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book)
  38.         return Response(bs.data)
  39.  
  40.     def put(self,rquest,id):
  41.         # 更新某本书的字段
  42.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  43.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book,data=rquest.data)
  44.         if bs.is_valid():
  45.             bs.save()  # 实质create方法
  46.             return Response(bs.data)
  47.         else:
  48.             return Response(bs.errors)
  49.  
  50.     def delete(self,request,id):
  51.         # 删除某条数据
  52.         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  53.         return Response("Delete 第%s本书成功"%(id))

get取数据

更新data

  1. { "title": "野兽绅士","price": 88, "pub_date": "2019-07-23","publish": 2,"authors": [1,2]}

   

delete

7.超链接API

7.1 配置publish为单条数据

urls

  1. from django.contrib import admin
  2. from django.urls import path
  3. from django.urls import re_path  # 正则表达式的
  4.  
  5. from app01 import views
  6.  
  7. urlpatterns = [
  8.     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  9.  
  10.     path('publishes/', views.PublishView.as_view()), # view(request)====> APIView:dispatch()
  11.     re_path(r'publishes/(\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
  12.  
  13.     path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
  14.     re_path(r'books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
  15. ]

serilizer

  1. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  2.  
  3. from .models import Book,Publish
  4.  
  5. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField()
  7.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  8.  
  9. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  10.     class Meta:
  11.         model = Book
  12.         fields = '__all__'
  13.  
  14. class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  15.     class Meta:
  16.         model = Publish
  17.         fields = '__all__'

views

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  4. from rest_framework.response import Response
  5.  
  6. from app01.serilizer import BookModelSerializers  # 从serilizer中导入
  7. from app01.serilizer import PublishModelSerializers  #
  8.  
  9. from .models import Book,Publish
  10.  
  11. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  12.     def get(self,request):
  13.         publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  14.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list,many=True)
  15.         return Response(ps.data)
  16.  
  17.     def post(self,request):
  18.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  19.         if ps.is_valid():
  20.             ps.save()
  21.             return Response(ps.data)
  22.         else:
  23.             return Response(ps.errors)
  24.  
  25. class PublishDetailView(APIView):
  26.     def get(self,request,id):
  27.         # 获取某publish的信息
  28.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  29.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
  30.         return Response(ps.data)
  31.  
  32.     def put(self,request,id):
  33.         # 更新某pub的信息
  34.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  35.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish,data=request.data)
  36.         if ps.is_valid():
  37.             ps.save()
  38.             return Response(ps.data)
  39.         else:
  40.             return Response(ps.errors)
  41.  
  42.     def delete(self,request,id):
  43.         # 删除某天publish
  44.         Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  45.         return Response("Delete 第%s个出版社"%(id))
  46.  
  47. class BookView(APIView):
  48.     def get(self,request):
  49.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  50.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True)
  51.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  52.  
  53.     def post(self,request):
  54.         # post请求的数据
  55.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  56.         if bs.is_valid():
  57.             print(bs.validated_data)
  58.             bs.save()  # create方法
  59.             return Response(bs.data)
  60.         else:
  61.             return Response(bs.errors)
  62.  
  63. class BookDetailView(APIView):
  64.     def get(self,request,id):
  65.         # 获取某本书的信息
  66.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 过滤单挑data
  67.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book)
  68.         return Response(bs.data)
  69.  
  70.     def put(self,rquest,id):
  71.         # 更新某本书的字段
  72.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  73.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book,data=rquest.data)
  74.         if bs.is_valid():
  75.             bs.save()  # 实质create方法
  76.             return Response(bs.data)
  77.         else:
  78.             return Response(bs.errors)
  79.  
  80.     def delete(self,request,id):
  81.         # 删除某条数据
  82.         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  83.         return Response("Delete 第%s本书成功"%(id))

7.2 配置超链接

1.效果图

2.urls

3.serilizer中，定义超链接

4.view中id修改pk

5. view中调用 Serializers的地方，重新什么request

7.3 code代码

urls

  1. from django.contrib import admin
  2. from django.urls import path
  3. from django.urls import re_path  # 正则表达式的
  4.  
  5. from app01 import views
  6.  
  7. urlpatterns = [
  8.     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  9.  
  10.     path('publishes/', views.PublishView.as_view()), # view(request)====> APIView:dispatch()
  11.     re_path(r'publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detailPublish"),
  12.  
  13.     path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
  14.     re_path(r'books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
  15. ]

views

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  4. from rest_framework.response import Response
  5.  
  6. from app01.serilizer import BookModelSerializers  # 从serilizer中导入
  7. from app01.serilizer import PublishModelSerializers  #
  8.  
  9. from .models import Book,Publish
  10.  
  11. class PublishView(APIView):   # APIView
  12.     def get(self,request):
  13.         publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  14.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list,many=True)
  15.         return Response(ps.data)
  16.  
  17.     def post(self,request):
  18.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  19.         if ps.is_valid():
  20.             ps.save()
  21.             return Response(ps.data)
  22.         else:
  23.             return Response(ps.errors)
  24.  
  25. class PublishDetailView(APIView):
  26.     def get(self,request,pk):
  27.         # 获取某publish的信息
  28.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  29.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
  30.         return Response(ps.data)
  31.  
  32.     def put(self,request,pk):
  33.         # 更新某pub的信息
  34.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  35.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish,data=request.data)
  36.         if ps.is_valid():
  37.             ps.save()
  38.             return Response(ps.data)
  39.         else:
  40.             return Response(ps.errors)
  41.  
  42.     def delete(self,request,pk):
  43.         # 删除某天publish
  44.         Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
  45.         return Response("Delete 第%s个出版社"%(pk))
  46.  
  47. class BookView(APIView):
  48.     def get(self,request):
  49.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  50.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
  51.         return Response(bs.data)  # Response继承HttpResponse
  52.  
  53.     def post(self,request):
  54.         # post请求的数据
  55.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data,context={'request':request})
  56.         if bs.is_valid():
  57.             print(bs.validated_data)
  58.             bs.save()  # create方法
  59.             return Response(bs.data)
  60.         else:
  61.             return Response(bs.errors)
  62.  
  63. class BookDetailView(APIView):
  64.     def get(self,request,id):
  65.         # 获取某本书的信息
  66.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 过滤单挑data
  67.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request':request})
  68.         return Response(bs.data)
  69.  
  70.     def put(self,request,id):
  71.         # 更新某本书的字段
  72.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  73.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data,context={'request':request})
  74.         if bs.is_valid():
  75.             bs.save()  # 实质create方法
  76.             return Response(bs.data)
  77.         else:
  78.             return Response(bs.errors)
  79.  
  80.     def delete(self,request,id):
  81.         # 删除某条数据
  82.         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  83.         return Response("Delete 第%s本书成功"%(id))

serilizer

  1. from rest_framework import serializers  # rest_framework的序列化组件
  2.  
  3. from .models import Book,Publish
  4.  
  5. class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField()
  7.     email = serializers.EmailField()
  8.  
  9. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  10.     class Meta:
  11.         model = Book
  12.         fields = '__all__'
  13.  
  14.     # 显示超链接,在Book下的publish
  15.     publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
  16.         view_name="detailPublish", # 别名 含正则表达式
  17.         lookup_field="publish_id",   # publish_id替换pk
  18.         lookup_url_kwarg="pk",    # url中的pk
  19.     )
  20.  
  21. class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):  # ModelSerializer
  22.     class Meta:
  23.         model = Publish
  24.         fields = '__all__'

8. 今日总结

  1. day 96
  2.  
  3. CBV与FBV
  4.  
  5. restful协议
  6.  
  7.      ----  一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式
  8.  
  9.      ----book表增删改查
  10.          /books/                 books
  11.          /books/add/             addbook
  12.          /books/(\d+)/change/    changebook
  13.          /books/(\d+)/delete/    delbook
  14.  
  15.     ----book表增删改查
  16.          /books/     -----get            books      -----  返回当前所有数据
  17.          /books/     -----post           books      -----  返回提交数据 
  18.  
  19.          /books/(\d+)-----get            bookdetail -----  返回当前查看的单条数据
  20.          /books/(\d+)-----put            bookdetail -----  返回更新数据
  21.          /books/(\d+)-----delete         bookdetail -----  返回空
  22.  
  23.          class  Books(View):
  24.               def get(self,request):
  25.                   pass  # 查看所有书籍
  26.  
  27.               def post(self,request)：
  28.                   pass  # 添加书籍
  29.  
  30.          class  BooksDetail(View):
  31.               def get(self,request,id):
  32.                   pass  # 查看具体书籍
  33.  
  34.               def put(self,request,id):
  35.                   pass  # 更新某本书籍
  36.  
  37.               def delete(self,request,id)：
  38.                   pass  # 删除某本书籍      
  39.  
  40. restframework(Django)  
  41.  
  42.     ----针对数据：json
  43.  
  44.     (1)Django的原生request:
  45.  
  46.           浏览器   -------------  服务器
  47.  
  48.           "GET url?a=1&b=2 http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\n"
  49.           "POST url http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\na=1&b=2"
  50.  
  51.           request.body: a=1&b=2
  52.           request.POST:
  53.                        if contentType:urlencoded:
  54.                              a=1&b=2----->{"a":1,"b":2}
  55.  
  56.     (2)restframework 下的APIView：
  57.  
  58.     (3)
  59.     class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  60.             name=serializers.CharField()
  61.             email=serializers.CharField()
  62.  
  63.         PublishSerializers(queryset,many=true)
  64.         PublishSerializers(model_obj)
  65.  
  66.     总结：
  67.         1 reuqest类----源码
  68.  
  69.         2 restframework 下的APIView--源码
  70.  
  71.           url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books")#  View下的view
  72.  
  73.           books/一旦被访问： view(request) ------APIView: dispatch()
  74.  
  75.         3 def dispatch():
  76.  
  77.               构建request对象
  78.               self.request=Request(request)
  79.               self.request._request
  80.               self.request.GET  # get
  81.               self.request.data # POST  PUT
  82.  
  83.               分发----if get请求：
  84.                     if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
  85.                         handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
  86.                                          self.http_method_not_allowed)
  87.                     else:
  88.                         handler = self.http_method_not_allowed   
  89.  
  90.                     response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
  91.  
  92.                     return response                
  93.  
  94.         4 序列化类
  95.             # from django.core import serializers
  96.             # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
  97.  
  98.             restframework下的序列类  BookModelSerializers
  99.                 将queryset或者model对象序列成一json数据
  100.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
  101.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
  102.  
  103.                 还可以做校验数据，json-------》queryset/model-->记录
  104.  
  105.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  106.                     if bs.is_valid():
  107.                         print(bs.validated_data)
  108.                         bs.save() # 重写create方法
  109.         5 操作数据：
  110.  
  111.             以Book表为例
  112.                 class BookView(APIView):
  113.                     # 查看所有书籍
  114.                     def get(self,request):
  115.                         book_list=Book.objects.all()
  116.                         bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
  117.                         return Response(bs.data)
  118.  
  119.                     # 添加一本书籍
  120.                     def post(self,request):
  121.                         # post请求的数据
  122.                         bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  123.                         if bs.is_valid():
  124.                             print(bs.validated_data)
  125.                             bs.save()# create方法
  126.                             return Response(bs.data)
  127.                         else:
  128.                             return Response(bs.errors)
  129.  
  130.                 class BookDetailView(APIView):
  131.                     # 查看一本书籍
  132.                     def get(self,request,id):
  133.  
  134.                         book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  135.                         bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
  136.                         return Response(bs.data)
  137.                     # 更新一本书籍
  138.                     def put(self,request,id):
  139.                         book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  140.                         bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
  141.                         if bs.is_valid():
  142.                             bs.save()
  143.                             return Response(bs.data)
  144.                         else:
  145.                             return Response(bs.errors)
  146.                     # 删除某一本书籍
  147.                     def delete(self,request,id):
  148.                         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  149.  
  150.                         return Response()
  151.  
  152. restframework
  153.  
  154.     1 APIView
  155.     2 序列组件
  156.     3 视图、
  157.     4 组件（认证权限频率）
  158.     5 数据解析器
  159.     6 分页和Response
  160.

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