MySQL rpm 版本安装

 准备：

[root@localhost moudles]# ls
MySQL-client-5.6.36-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm  MySQL-server-5.6.36-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

验证系统中是否安装mysql：

[root@localhost moudles]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

本系统中自带mysql， 将其卸载：

[root@localhost moudles]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

 

安装MySQL：

[root@localhost moudles]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.36-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.36-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-server           ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
2017-06-23 22:09:33 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-06-23 22:09:33 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 1656 ...
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 0
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] Binlog end
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2017-06-23 22:09:33 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1656 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977

2017-06-23 22:09:35 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-06-23 22:09:35 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2017-06-23 22:09:35 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 1678 ...
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 1625977
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] Binlog end
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2017-06-23 22:09:35 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2017-06-23 22:09:37 1678 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987

A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.

In addition, you can run:

  /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

  http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

随机给 root 用户创建了一个密码。

判断是否安装成功：

[root@localhost moudles]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root       1748   1534  0 22:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql

安装成功，但是没有启动。

查看用户是否创建成功：

[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql    //查看用户数据库， 其中的域给出了用户名、加密口令和用户的其他信息
mysql:x:498:498:MySQL server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/group|grep mysql　　 //查看本地相关的用户组信息
mysql:x:498:

查看安装版本：注意——先安装客户端(rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.36-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm)

[root@localhost home]# mysqladmin --version
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux on x86_64

启动mysql：

[root@localhost home]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err'. [确定]

查看状态：

[root@localhost home]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root       1791      1  0 22:35 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql      1886   1791  2 22:35 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
root       1914   1534  0 22:36 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql

路径	解释	备注
/var/lib/mysql/	mysql 数据库文件的存放目录	/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
/usr/share/mysql/	配置文件目录	mysql.server 命令及配置文件
/usr/bin/	相关命令目录	mysqladmin, mysqldump 等命令
/etc/init.d/mysql	启停相关脚本	/etc/init.d/mysql stop 停止 mysql 等

登陆mysql：

[root@localhost ~]# cat .mysql_secret 　　//上面安装mysql时，系统随机给root用户生成的密码
# The random password set for the root user at Fri Jun 23 22:09:33 2017 (local time): 8nnS1if6k3VEnnHs

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.36

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit; //退出mysql

修改 root 用户密码：

1.用 set password 命令:

mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('root');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)

2.用 mysqladmin:

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password 123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

3.用 update 直接编辑 user 表:

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set password = password('') where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

关闭mysql：

[root@localhost home]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]

mysql开机自启：

方法一：

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql  　　//查看启动状态
mysql           0:关闭  1:关闭  2:启用  3:启用  4:启用  5:启用  6:关闭　　　　//运行级别

方法二：

[root@localhost ~]# ntsysv 

[*]xxx 代表开机启用。

配置配置文件修改字符集：

拷贝一份全新的配置文件到 etc 目录下，用作全局配置文件。

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

查看字符集：

mysql> show variables like '%char%';   //或者 show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

原始配置文件：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

修改字符集之后的配置文件：

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[client]
#password = [your_password]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8 

红色字体，黄色背景为修改内容。

注意：在没有修改字符集之前，数据库中是不允许插入汉子的。插入汉子会抛出错误：

ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE9\x98\xBF\xE6\xA1\x91' for column 'name' at row 1