使用Spring提供的Open Session In View而引起Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) 错误解决:

在没有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情况下,因需要在service(or Dao)层里把session关闭,所以lazy loading 为true的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否则Hibernate抛session already closed Exception;    Open Session In View提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了lazy loading问题.

它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一个在web.xml配置,另一个在application.xml配置而已。

Open Session In View在request把session绑定到当前thread期间一直保持hibernate session在open状态,使session在request的整个期间都可以使用,如在View层里PO也可以lazy loading数据,如 ${ company.employees }。当View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自动关闭session。

OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置

  1. <beans>

  2. <bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor"

  3. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">

  4. <property name="sessionFactory">

  5. <ref bean="sessionFactory"/>

  6. </property>

  7. </bean>

  8. <bean id="urlMapping"

  9. class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">

  10. <property name="interceptors">

  11. <list>

  12. <ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>

  13. </list>

  14. </property>

  15. <property name="mappings">

  16. ...

  17. </property>

  18. </bean>

  19. ...

  20. </beans>

OpenSessionInViewFilter配置

  1. <web-app>

  2. ...

  3. <filter>

  4. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>

  5. <filter-class>

  6. org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter

  7. </filter-class>

  8. <!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用OpenSessionInView -->

  9. <init-param>

  10. <param-name>singleSession</param-name>

  11. <param-value>true</param-value>

  12. </init-param>

  13. </filter>

  14. ...

  15. <filter-mapping>

  16. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>

  17. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

  18. </filter-mapping>

  19. ...

  20. </web-app>

很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:

  1. org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations

  2. are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into

  3. FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition

看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法

  1. protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,

    HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain)

    throws ServletException, IOException {

     SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory();

     logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");

     Session session = getSession(sessionFactory);

     TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(

      sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session));

       try {

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);

       }

       finally {

     TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);

       logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");

       closeSession(session, sessionFactory);

     }

    }

  2. protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)

    throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {

      Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true);

      session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);

      return session;

    }

  3. protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)

    throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {

      SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);

    }

可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到 TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该 sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该 session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。

  1. public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)

  2. throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {

  3. if (session == null ||

    TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {

  4. return;

  5. }

  6. logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");

  7. try {

  8. session.close();

  9. }

  10. catch (JDBCException ex) {

  11. // SQLException underneath

  12. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());

  13. }

  14. catch (HibernateException ex) {

  15. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session",  ex);

  16. }

  17. }

也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有 insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。

采用spring的事务声明,使方法受transaction控制

  1. <bean id="baseTransaction"

    class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"

    abstract="true">

    <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>

    <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>

    <property name="transactionAttributes">

    <props>

    <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>

    <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>

    <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>

    <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    </props>

    </property>

    </bean>

  2. <bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction">

    <property name="target">

    <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>

    </property>

    </bean>

对于上例,则以save,add,update,remove开头的方法拥有可写的事务,如果当前有某个方法,如命名为importExcel(),则因没有transaction而没有写权限,这时若方法内有insert,update,delete操作的话,则需要手动设置flush model为Flush.AUTO,如

  1. session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);

  2. session.save(user);

  3. session.flush();

尽 管Open Session In View看起来还不错,其实副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代码,这个方法实际上是被父类的doFilter调用的,因此,我们可以大约了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter调用流程: request(请求)->open session并开始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->结束transaction并 close session.

一切看起来很正确,尤其是在本地开发测试的时候没出现问题,但试想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的话,那在这期间connection就一直被占用而不释放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在写Jsp这步,一方面可能是页面内容大,response.write的时间长,另一方面可能是网速慢,服务器与用户间传输时间久。当大量这样的情况出现时,就有连接池连接不足,造成页面假死现象。

Open Session In View是个双刃剑,放在公网上内容多流量大的网站请慎用。

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