【移动开发】Android中WIFI开发总结（一）

 WIFI就是一种无线联网技术，常见的是使用无线路由器。那么在这个无线路由器的信号覆盖的范围内都可以采用WIFI连接的方式进行联网。如果无线路由器连接了一个ADSL线路或其他的联网线路，则又被称为“热点”。

 

     在Android中对Wifi操作，android本身提供了一些有用的包，在android.net.wifi包下面,主要包括以下几个类和接口：

 

1.ScanResult

   主要用来描述已经检测出的接入点，包括接入点的地址，接入点的名称，身份认证，频率，信号强度等信息。其实就是通过wifi 硬件的扫描来获取一些周边的wifi 热点的信息。

 

2.WifiConfiguration

Wifi网络的配置，包括安全设置等，在我们连通一个wifi 接入点的时候，需要获取到的一些信息。主要包含四个属性：

BSSID：

   BSS是一种特殊的Ad-hoc LAN(一种支持点对点访问的无线网络应用模式)的应用，一个无线网络至少由一个连接到有线网络的AP和若干无线工作站组成，这种配置称为一个基本服务装置。一群计算机设定相同的 BSS名称，即可自成一个group，而此BSS名称，即所谓BSSID。通常，手机WLAN中，bssid其实就是无线路由的MAC地址。

 

 

 

networkid：网络ID。

 

 

 

PreSharedKey：无线网络的安全认证模式。

 

 

 

SSID：SSID(Service Set Identif)用于标识无线局域网，SSID不同的无线网络是无法进行互访的。

 

 

3.WifiInfo

   wifi无线连接的描述，包括（接入点，网络连接状态，隐藏的接入点，IP地址，连接速度，MAC地址，网络ID，信号强度等信息）。这里简单介绍一下WifiManager中常用的方法:

getSSID()	获得SSID（热点名称）
getBSSID()	获取BSSID
getDetailedStateOf()	获取客户端的连通性
getHiddenSSID()	获得SSID 是否被隐藏
getIpAddress()	获取IP 地址
getLinkSpeed()	获得连接的速度
getMacAddress()	获得Mac 地址
getRssi()	获得802.11n 网络的信号

4.WifiManager

     wifi连接统一管理类，获取WIFI网卡的状态(WIFI网卡的状态是由一系列的整形常量来表示的)

WIFI_STATE_DISABLING = 0	WIFI网卡正在关闭
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED = 1	WIFI网卡不可用
WIFI_STATE_ENABLING = 2	WIFI网正在打开 （WIFI启动需要一段时间）
WIFI_STATE_ENABLED = 3	WIFI网卡可用
WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN = 4	未知网卡状态
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING = 10	WIFI热点正在关闭
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED = 11	WIFI热点不可用
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING = 12	WIFI热点正在打开
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED = 13	WIFI热点可用

5. 在AndroidManifest.xml进行对WIFI操作的权限设置

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<!-- 以下是使用wifi访问网络所需的权限 -->     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"></uses-permission>   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"></uses-permission>   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>

 

 下面是汇总的一个wifi管理工具类，我完善了一下，并加上了详细的注解，很实用的！

WifiAdmin类： （wifi管理工具类）

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package com.zhf.wifidemo.wifi.utils; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import android.content.Context; import android.net.wifi.ScanResult; import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration; import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo; import android.net.wifi.WifiManager; /**  * WIFI管理类  * @author ZHF  *  */ public class WifiAdmin {     private static  WifiAdmin wifiAdmin = null;                                                                                                                                                                 private List<WifiConfiguration> mWifiConfiguration; //无线网络配置信息类集合(网络连接列表)     private List<ScanResult> mWifiList; //检测到接入点信息类 集合                                                                                                                                                                 //描述任何Wifi连接状态     private WifiInfo mWifiInfo;                                                                                                                                                                 WifiManager.WifiLock mWifilock; //能够阻止wifi进入睡眠状态，使wifi一直处于活跃状态     public WifiManager mWifiManager;                                                                                                                                                                 /**      * 获取该类的实例（懒汉）      * @param context      * @return      */     public static WifiAdmin getInstance(Context context) {         if(wifiAdmin == null) {             wifiAdmin = new WifiAdmin(context);             return wifiAdmin;         }         return null;     }     private WifiAdmin(Context context) {         //获取系统Wifi服务   WIFI_SERVICE         this.mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService("wifi");         //获取连接信息         this.mWifiInfo = this.mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**      * 是否存在网络信息      * @param str  热点名称      * @return      */     private WifiConfiguration isExsits(String str) {         Iterator localIterator = this.mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks().iterator();         WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration;         do {             if(!localIterator.hasNext()) return null;             localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localIterator.next();         }while(!localWifiConfiguration.SSID.equals("\"" + str + "\""));         return localWifiConfiguration;     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**锁定WifiLock，当下载大文件时需要锁定 **/     public void AcquireWifiLock() {         this.mWifilock.acquire();     }     /**创建一个WifiLock**/     public void CreateWifiLock() {         this.mWifilock = this.mWifiManager.createWifiLock("Test");     }     /**解锁WifiLock**/     public void ReleaseWifilock() {         if(mWifilock.isHeld()) { //判断时候锁定             mWifilock.acquire();         }     }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             /**打开Wifi**/     public void OpenWifi() {         if(!this.mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()){ //当前wifi不可用             this.mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);         }     }     /**关闭Wifi**/     public void closeWifi() {         if(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {             mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false);         }     }     /**端口指定id的wifi**/     public void disconnectWifi(int paramInt) {         this.mWifiManager.disableNetwork(paramInt);     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**添加指定网络**/     public void addNetwork(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration) {         int i = mWifiManager.addNetwork(paramWifiConfiguration);         mWifiManager.enableNetwork(i, true);     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**      * 连接指定配置好的网络      * @param index 配置好网络的ID      */     public void connectConfiguration(int index) {         // 索引大于配置好的网络索引返回          if (index > mWifiConfiguration.size()) {             return;         }         //连接配置好的指定ID的网络          mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.get(index).networkId, true);     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**      * 根据wifi信息创建或关闭一个热点      * @param paramWifiConfiguration      * @param paramBoolean 关闭标志      */     public void createWifiAP(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration,boolean paramBoolean) {         try {             Class localClass = this.mWifiManager.getClass();             Class[] arrayOfClass = new Class[2];             arrayOfClass[0] = WifiConfiguration.class;             arrayOfClass[1] = Boolean.TYPE;             Method localMethod = localClass.getMethod("setWifiApEnabled",arrayOfClass);             WifiManager localWifiManager = this.mWifiManager;             Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[2];             arrayOfObject[0] = paramWifiConfiguration;             arrayOfObject[1] = Boolean.valueOf(paramBoolean);             localMethod.invoke(localWifiManager, arrayOfObject);             return;         } catch (Exception e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     }     /**      * 创建一个wifi信息      * @param ssid 名称      * @param passawrd 密码      * @param paramInt 有3个参数，1是无密码，2是简单密码，3是wap加密      * @param type 是"ap"还是"wifi"      * @return      */     public WifiConfiguration createWifiInfo(String ssid, String passawrd,int paramInt, String type) {         //配置网络信息类         WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration1 = new WifiConfiguration();         //设置配置网络属性         localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear();         localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.clear();         localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.clear();         localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear();         localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.clear();                                                                                                                                                                         if(type.equals("wt")) { //wifi连接             localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = ("\"" + ssid + "\"");             WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration2 = isExsits(ssid);             if(localWifiConfiguration2 != null) {                 mWifiManager.removeNetwork(localWifiConfiguration2.networkId); //从列表中删除指定的网络配置网络             }             if(paramInt == 1) { //没有密码                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[0] = "";                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(0);                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;             } else if(paramInt == 2) { //简单密码                 localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true;                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[0] = ("\"" + passawrd + "\"");             } else { //wap加密                 localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = ("\"" + passawrd + "\"");                 localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true;                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(0);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(2);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(1);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(1);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(3);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(2);             }         }else {//"ap" wifi热点             localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = ssid;             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(1);             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40);             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104);             localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(0);             localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;             if (paramInt == 1) {  //没有密码                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[0] = "";                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(0);                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;             } else if (paramInt == 2) { //简单密码                 localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true;//网络上不广播ssid                 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[0] = passawrd;             } else if (paramInt == 3) {//wap加密                 localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = passawrd;                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(0);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set(1);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set(0);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(1);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(2);                 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(1);             }         }         return localWifiConfiguration1;     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**获取热点名**/     public String getApSSID() {         try {             Method localMethod = this.mWifiManager.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getWifiApConfiguration", new Class[0]);             if (localMethod == null) return null;             Object localObject1 = localMethod.invoke(this.mWifiManager,new Object[0]);             if (localObject1 == null) return null;             WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localObject1;             if (localWifiConfiguration.SSID != null) return localWifiConfiguration.SSID;             Field localField1 = WifiConfiguration.class .getDeclaredField("mWifiApProfile");             if (localField1 == null) return null;             localField1.setAccessible(true);             Object localObject2 = localField1.get(localWifiConfiguration);             localField1.setAccessible(false);             if (localObject2 == null)  return null;             Field localField2 = localObject2.getClass().getDeclaredField("SSID");             localField2.setAccessible(true);             Object localObject3 = localField2.get(localObject2);             if (localObject3 == null) return null;             localField2.setAccessible(false);             String str = (String) localObject3;             return str;         } catch (Exception localException) {         }         return null;     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**获取wifi名**/     public String getBSSID() {         if (this.mWifiInfo == null)             return "NULL";         return this.mWifiInfo.getBSSID();     }                                                                                                                                                              /**得到配置好的网络 **/     public List<WifiConfiguration> getConfiguration() {         return this.mWifiConfiguration;     }                                                                                                                                                                 /**获取ip地址**/     public int getIPAddress() {         return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getIpAddress();     }     /**获取物理地址(Mac)**/     public String getMacAddress() {          return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getMacAddress();     }                                                                                                                                                                     /**获取网络id**/     public int getNetworkId() {          return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getNetworkId();     }     /**获取热点创建状态**/     public int getWifiApState() {         try {             int i = ((Integer) this.mWifiManager.getClass()                     .getMethod("getWifiApState", new Class[0])                     .invoke(this.mWifiManager, new Object[0])).intValue();             return i;         } catch (Exception localException) {         }         return 4;   //未知wifi网卡状态     }     /**获取wifi连接信息**/     public WifiInfo getWifiInfo() {         return this.mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();     }     /** 得到网络列表**/     public List<ScanResult> getWifiList() {         return this.mWifiList;     }                                                                                                                                                               /**查看扫描结果**/     public StringBuilder lookUpScan() {         StringBuilder localStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();         for (int i = 0; i < mWifiList.size(); i++)         {             localStringBuilder.append("Index_"+new Integer(i + 1).toString() + ":");             //将ScanResult信息转换成一个字符串包             //其中把包括：BSSID、SSID、capabilities、frequency、level             localStringBuilder.append((mWifiList.get(i)).toString());             localStringBuilder.append("\n");         }         return localStringBuilder;     }                                                                                                                                                                   /** 设置wifi搜索结果 **/     public void setWifiList() {         this.mWifiList = this.mWifiManager.getScanResults();     }     /**开始搜索wifi**/     public void startScan() {         this.mWifiManager.startScan();     }     /**得到接入点的BSSID**/     public String GetBSSID() {         return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getBSSID();     } }

最后，成功连接到wifi后，通过本机IP地址便可以进行相关网络开发，在下一篇中我会讲解一个WIFI热点搜索、创建、连接的Demo（http://smallwoniu.blog.51cto.com/3911954/1338618）,希望能帮助到大家！