RMAN DUPLICATE ADG DEMO

生产环境谨慎使用，建议生产环境采用RMAN备份恢复的方式。

本演示案例所用环境：

	primary	standby
OS Hostname	pry	std
OS Version	RHEL6.5	RHEL6.5
DB Version	11.2.0.4	11.2.0.4
db_name	stephen	stephen
db_unique_name	stephen	standby
service_names	stephen	standby
instance_name	stephen	standby

Primary database configure

1.启用primary force logging

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

SQL> alter database force logging;

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) tnsnames.ora

STEPHEN =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

(UR = A)

)

(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。

$ tnsping standby

(3) 密码文件

若无密码文件，则创建密码文件。格式：orapw<ORACLE_SID>

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

orapwd file=orapwstephen password=oracle ignorecase=y force=y

3.添加standby logfiles

添加standby logfile 的要求：

(1) 确保主和备数据库上的日志文件大小是相同的

(2) 确定备库重做日志文件组的适当数目

Standby logfile数 = （每个线程的logfile数＋1）* 线程数

(3) 检查create database时指定的MAXLOGFILES和MAXLOGMEMBERS参数，可以通过trace controlfile出来查看

(4) RAC环境创建standby logfile,指定thread#创建

每个thread的standby logfile数 = 每个thread的logfile数 + 1

检查当前环境的logfile：

set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

根据查询的logfile 信息上文添加standby logfile的要求，添加合理的standby logfile,然后用上面的sql再次查看当前环境的logfile：

SQL> alter database add standby logfile

group 4 '/u01/oradata/stephen/redo04.log' size 50M,

group 5 '/u01/oradata/stephen/redo05.log' size 50M,

group 6 '/u01/oradata/stephen/redo06.log' size 50M,

group 7 '/u01/oradata/stephen/redo07.log' size 50M;

4.修改primary参数文件

备份spfile：

create pfile='/tmp/pfile.bak' from spfile;

修改以下参数，其中stephen,standby分别为primary,standby的db_unqiue_name/TNS-Alias,详见参数详解部分：

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(stephen,standby)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stephen';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby';

alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30; #根据需求调整个数

--确认以下参数，若不为默认值则修改：

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

# remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive/shared

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

--可修改归档日志格式，与datafile区分：

alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

--备角色参数：

alter system set fal_server=standby;

alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

alter system set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/standby','/oradata/stephen' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/standby','/oradata/stephen' scope=spfile;

注：以上参数，指定spfile修改的，在实例重启后生效。

5.打开归档模式

首先确认当前数据库是否是归档模式，如果不是，则打开归档模式。

archive log list;

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

archive log list;

alter database open;

Standby database configure

1.配置环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=standby

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib #不同平台变量名不一样

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) listener.ora

配置静态监听：

LISTENER =

(ADDRESS_LIST=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=standby)

(SID_NAME=standby)

(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

)

启用监听：

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl status

(2) tnsnames.ora

STEPHEN =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

(UR = A)

)

(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

$ tnsping stephen

(3) 密码文件

使用主库的密码文件：

scp pry:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby

3.创建相关目录

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/standby/{adump,dpdump,pfile}

mkdir -p /oradata/{standby,arch}

4.参数文件

只需要设置一个参数：db_name

echo '*.db_name=standby’>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby.ora

5.RMAN duplicate ADG

启动数据库到nomount阶段：

startup nomount;

在primary端执行以下SQL进行 RMAN duplicate创建ADG,Oracle自动mount standby db:

$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@standby

RMAN> run {allocate channel pry1 type disk;

allocate channel pry2 type disk;

allocate channel pry3 type disk;

allocate channel pry4 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel stby type disk;

duplicate target database for standby from active database

spfile

parameter_value_convert 'stephen','standby'

set db_unique_name='standby'

set instance_name='standby'

set service_names='standby'

set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/stephen','/oradata/standby'

set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/stephen','/oradata/standby'

set control_files='/oradata/standby/control01.ctl'

set log_archive_max_processes='4'

set fal_server='stephen'

set standby_file_management='AUTO'

set log_archive_config='dg_config=(stephen,standby)'

set log_archive_dest_2='service=stephen lgwr async valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=stephen'

;

}

6.Fetch Gap

如果打开standby db至read only时,报以下错误:

SQL> alter database open read only;

alter database open read only

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery

ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/standby/system01.dbf'

只需要在mount阶段,执行归档日志应用,Fetch Archive Gap即可,primary端切换几次日志,确保standby一致后再打开standby db至read only:

SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

7.应用日志

打开standby至read only模式，实时应用日志：

alter database open read only;

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

8.观察日志传输

跟踪primary,standby database的alert log,观察是否有错误发生，也可以看到应用日志的相关信息。

确认standby是否应用日志：

--primary端多切几次日志，观察alert log信息。

alter system switch logfile;

--观察主备库日志序列号

archive log list;

--primary端查询v$archived_log视图，确认日志是否被应用：

set lines 300 pages 300

col name for a20

select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence#,standby_dest,applied,registrar,completion_time from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES'

order by thread#,sequence#;

--primary端查询primary,standby的最大日志序列号是否一致：

select 'Primary :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='NO'

group by thread#

union

select 'Standby :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES' and applied='YES'

group by thread#

order by thread#;