python之简单主机批量管理工具

转发注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/0zcl/p/6352278.html

今天做了一个很简单的小项目，感受到了paramiko模块的强大，也深感自己Linux的功力不行~~

一、需求

二、简单需求分析及流程图

需求很少，我就简单地说下:
　　1. 主机分组可以配置文件实现(我用字典存数据的).
　　2. 登陆功能不做。选择分组后可查看组内对应主机的主机名和IP地址.
　　3. >>>cmd: df(输入命令则起多个线程(视组内有多少个主机而定)同时执行)
　　　 输出:
　　　 －－－－－－－－－－－－－h1－－－－－－－－－－－－
　　　 ……(命令返回的数据)
　　　 －－－－－－－－－－－－－h2－－－－－－－－－－－－
　　　 ……
　　　 >>>put  test.yy(本地文件)   filename (把本地的test.yy文件传到远程主机的/root目录下)
　　4.可写在配置文件中。包括远程主机的: 主机名 IP 用户名 密码 端口

流程图

我做的流程图https://www.processon.com/diagraming/588a1219e4b087b11659068b

三、目录结构及源代码

目录结构:

from_windows.py(待上传的文件)

main.py(批量主机管理接口)

 """批量主机管理接口"""

 import core

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     core.run()

core.py(核心代码，被接口调用)

 """核心代码"""
 import settings
 import paramiko
 import threading
 import os

 class REMOTE_HOST(object):
     #远程操作主机
     def __init__(self, host, port ,username, password, cmd):
         self.host = host
         self.port = port
         self.username = username
         self.password = password
         self.cmd = cmd

     def run(self):
         """起线程连接远程主机后调用"""
         cmd_str = self.cmd.split()[0]
         if hasattr(self, cmd_str):      #反射 eg:调用put方法
             getattr(self, cmd_str)()
         else:
             #setattr(x,'y',v)is  equivalent  to   ``x.y=v''
             setattr(self, cmd_str, self.command)
             getattr(self, cmd_str)()  #调用command方法，执行批量命令处理

     def command(self):
         """批量命令处理"""
         ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()  #创建ssh对象
         #允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
         ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
         ssh.connect(hostname=self.host,port=self.port,username=self.username,password=self.password)
         stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh.exec_command(self.cmd)
         result = stdout.read()
         print("%s".center(50, "-") % self.host)
         print(result.decode())
         ssh.close()

     def put(self):
         """上传文件"""
         filename = self.cmd.split()[1]  #要上传的文件
         transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))
         transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)
         sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
         sftp.put(filename, filename)
         print("put sucesss")

         transport.close()

 def show_host_list():
     """通过选择分组显示主机名与IP"""
     for index, key in enumerate(settings.msg_dic):
         print(index + 1, key, len(settings.msg_dic[key]))
     while True:
         choose_host_list = input(">>>(eg:group1)").strip()
         host_dic = settings.msg_dic.get(choose_host_list)
         if host_dic:
             #print(host_dic)
             for key in host_dic:
                 print(key, host_dic[key]["IP"])
             return host_dic
         else:
             print("NO exit this group!")

 def interactive(choose_host_list):
     """根据选择的分组主机起多个线程进行批量交互"""
     thread_list = []
     while True:
         cmd = input(">>>").strip()
         if cmd:
             for key in choose_host_list:
                 host, port, username, password = choose_host_list[key]["IP"], choose_host_list[key]["port"], \
                                                  choose_host_list[key]["username"], choose_host_list[key]["password"]
                 func = REMOTE_HOST(host, port, username, password, cmd)  # 实例化类
                 t = threading.Thread(target=func.run)  # 起线程
                 t.start()
                 thread_list.append(t)
             for t in thread_list:
                 t.join()  # 主线程等待子线程执行完毕
         else:
             continue

 def run():
     choose_host_list = show_host_list()
     interactive(choose_host_list)

settings.py(配置文件)

 """配置文件"""

 msg_dic = {
     "group1":{    #分组1
         "h1":{"IP":"192.168.1.1", "username":"", "password":"aa", "port":22},
         "h2":{"IP":"192.168.1.2", "username":"", "password":"bb", "port":22},
         "h3":{"IP":"192.168.1.3", "username":"", "password":"cc", "port":22},
         "h4":{"IP":"192.168.1.4", "username":"", "password":"dd", "port":22},
         "h5":{"IP":"192.168.1.5", "username":"", "password":"ee", "port":22},
         "h6":{"IP":"192.168.1.6", "username":"", "password":"ff", "port":22},
     },

     "group2":{    #分组2
         "h1":{"IP":"192.168.2.1", "username":"", "password":"aaa", "port":22},
         "h2":{"IP":"192.168.2.2", "username":"", "password":"bbb", "port":22},
         "h3":{"IP":"192.168.2.3", "username":"", "password":"ccc", "port":22},
         "h4":{"IP":"192.168.2.4", "username":"", "password":"ddd", "port":22},
         "h5":{"IP":"192.168.2.5", "username":"", "password":"eee", "port":22},
         "h6":{"IP":"192.168.2.6", "username":"", "password":"fff", "port":22},
         "h7":{"IP":"192.168.2.7", "username":"", "password":"ggg", "port":22},
         "h8":{"IP":"192.168.2.8", "username":"", "password":"hhh", "port":22},
     },

     "group3":{
         "h1":{"IP":"192.168.179.133", "username":"root", "password":"zcl", "port":22},
     }
 }

测试:

硬件限制，我只用连接一台虚拟机测试~

C:\Python34\python3.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/laonanhai/host_manage/main.py
1 group1 6
2 group3 1
3 group2 8
>>>(eg:group1)group3
h1 192.168.179.133
>>>put from_windows.py
put sucesss
>>>
>>>ls
------------------------192.168.179.133------------------------
anaconda-ks.cfg
database_test
from_windows.py
install.log
install.log.syslog
m
oot
\root
tmp\from_windows.py

>>>

上传前没有from_windows.py文件，上传后就有了!

PS:关于paramiko模块可以看看这篇博客http://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4670433.html