npm报错error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported

error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported

出现这个错误是因为 node.js V17版本中最近发布的OpenSSL3.0, 而OpenSSL3.0对允许算法和密钥大小增加了严格的限制，可能会对生态系统造成一些影响.

在node.js V17以前一些可以正常运行的的应用程序,但是在 V17 及以上版本可能会抛出以下异常:

node:internal/crypto/hash:67
  this[kHandle] = new _Hash(algorithm, xofLen);
                  ^

Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
    at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:67:19)
    at Object.createHash (node:crypto:130:10)
    at module.exports.__webpack_modules__.57442.module.exports (/Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:135907:62)
    at NormalModule._initBuildHash (/Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:109317:16)
    at handleParseError (/Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:109371:10)
    at /Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:109403:5
    at /Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:109258:12
    at /Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:61157:3
    at iterateNormalLoaders (/Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:60998:10)
    at Array.<anonymous> (/Users/workspace/React/umiapp/node_modules/@umijs/deps/compiled/webpack/4/bundle4.js:60989:4) {
  opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
  library: 'digital envelope routines',
  reason: 'unsupported',
  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED'
}

Node.js v18.7.0
  Done in 1.92s.

据说可以通过运行以下命令行临时解决这个问题

export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

但目前测试并不行，所以重新安装了node-v16.12.0，npm也安装了对应版本

node与npm版本对应关系参考https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download/releases/