动机

以前写ts或者es6,都是用在脚手架搭建的项目中,比如vue和react,当时当我识图写一个ts的demo的,我还要创建一个完整的vue或者react项目?明显不合适,那就要研究一下如何手动搭建一套编译调试环境

源代码
src/index.ts

/*因为编译后的代码包含es6新增api,比如下边的includes,有浏览器可能不支持,故而需要引入垫片
这里可以选择core-js,也可以ts-polyfill,目的都是一样的*/
import 'core-js'; //具体目标
class Utils {
protected cname:string = 'Utils';
public test(): void{
[1,2,3].includes(2)
}
}
(window as any).subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用

方案1:tsc编译+手动做垫片+webpack处理模块

使用tsc编译
tsconfig.json配置如下

{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es5", /* 编译的目标是什么版本的 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019' or 'ESNEXT'. */
"module": "commonjs",/* 编译后模块化类型 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */
"lib": [ //编译过程中需要引入的库文件的列表。
"es5",
"es2016.array.include",
"dom" //因为ts内用到了window
],
"strict": true,
"esModuleInterop": true
}
}

运行tsc命令后,编译后的代码src/index.js

"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
// import 'core-js';
require("ts-polyfill/lib/es2016-array-include");
//具体目标
var Utils = /** @class */ (function () {
function Utils() {
this.cname = 'Utils';
}
Utils.prototype.test = function () {
[1, 2, 3].includes(2);
};
return Utils;
}());
window.subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用

可以从代码中看到,tsc只是将ts代码编译js代码。有两个问题仍然需要我们处理,
他不管浏览器对编译后的js代码的兼容如何,所以我们需要手动做垫片,所以我们在入口文件src/index.ts处已经引入了coreJs做了垫片
然后他不处理模块化代码部分,比如import,export。目前node直接使用没问题,但是如果放在浏览器,2019年年底浏览器均不支持,所以需要webpack进行模块化处理

我们将项目中安装webpack,并添加配置文件npm install --save-dev webpack webpack-cli

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: './src/index.js',
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: 'main.js'
}
};

然后通过webpack命令webpack --mode development --progress来打包处理模块化,编译成功后的代码会很长,这里就不直接展开了。

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/******/ // The module cache
/******/ var installedModules = {};
/******/
/******/ // The require function
/******/ function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
/******/
/******/ // Check if module is in cache
/******/ if(installedModules[moduleId]) {
/******/ return installedModules[moduleId].exports;
/******/ }
/******/ // Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
/******/ var module = installedModules[moduleId] = {
/******/ i: moduleId,
/******/ l: false,
/******/ exports: {}
/******/ };
/******/
/******/ // Execute the module function
/******/ modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);
/******/
/******/ // Flag the module as loaded
/******/ module.l = true;
/******/
/******/ // Return the exports of the module
/******/ return module.exports;
/******/ }
/******/
/******/
/******/ // expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
/******/ __webpack_require__.m = modules;
/******/
/******/ // expose the module cache
/******/ __webpack_require__.c = installedModules;
/******/
/******/ // define getter function for harmony exports
/******/ __webpack_require__.d = function(exports, name, getter) {
/******/ if(!__webpack_require__.o(exports, name)) {
/******/ Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { enumerable: true, get: getter });
/******/ }
/******/ };
/******/
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/******/ __webpack_require__.r = function(exports) {
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/******/ };
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/******/ __webpack_require__.t = function(value, mode) {
/******/ if(mode & 1) value = __webpack_require__(value);
/******/ if(mode & 8) return value;
/******/ if((mode & 4) && typeof value === 'object' && value && value.__esModule) return value;
/******/ var ns = Object.create(null);
/******/ __webpack_require__.r(ns);
/******/ Object.defineProperty(ns, 'default', { enumerable: true, value: value });
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/******/ return ns;
/******/ };
/******/
/******/ // getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules
/******/ __webpack_require__.n = function(module) {
/******/ var getter = module && module.__esModule ?
/******/ function getDefault() { return module['default']; } :
/******/ function getModuleExports() { return module; };
/******/ __webpack_require__.d(getter, 'a', getter);
/******/ return getter;
/******/ };
/******/
/******/ // Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
/******/ __webpack_require__.o = function(object, property) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property); };
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/******/ __webpack_require__.p = "";
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/******/ // Load entry module and return exports
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将编译后的文件直接通过script的方式引入页面,就可以使用了

<body>
<script src="./dist/main.js"></script>
</body>

缺点:垫片要手动处理,不智能。用到了两个工具

方案二:ts编译+babel接手垫片+webpack模块化

我们源代码需要改动一下,删除头部引入coreJs,我们不需要手动做垫片

//具体目标
class Utils {
protected cname:string = 'Utils';
public test(): void{
[1,2,3].includes(2)
}
}
(window as any).subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用

仍旧是ts编译,可以看到编译后src/index.js的代码,明显也少了引入垫片corejs这行代码

"use strict";
//具体目标
var Utils = /** @class */ (function () {
function Utils() {
this.cname = 'Utils';
}
Utils.prototype.test = function () {
[1, 2, 3].includes(2);
};
return Utils;
}());
window.subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用

安装babel,让babel处理垫片。创建babel配置文件babel.config.js
装babel的时候让我惊讶的是,不用安装@babel/polyfill也能(babel)编译和(webpack)模块打包成功,分析了下原因:
1、编译阶段是不需要垫片的,因为此时编译后的文件只是多出来了垫片的引用,是否找得到编译器它不考虑
2、垫片的使用时发生在用webpack打包阶段,因为他要处理垫片生成的import,import的内容就是垫片库@babel/polyfill里的文件,如果你没有安装此包webpack处理的时候找不到会报错
3、至于我为啥后边webpack成功了,是因为我刚才误多装了core-js包,而这个包恰恰就是我需要的垫片包,
    因为我的babel是7.4以上,@babel/polyfill已经被废弃了被分解成了core-js、regenerator-runtime两个包,刚好歪打正着。所以我们可以提前安装上这两个包,不然webpack打包阶段会报错

const presets = [
[
"@babel/env",
{
useBuiltIns: "usage" //自动按需引入对应的垫片
},
],
];
module.exports = { presets };

执行babel打包命令npx babel src/index.js --out-dir src,打包后的src/index.js有看到babel已经帮我们处理好了垫片环境

"use strict"; //具体目标

require("core-js/modules/es7.array.includes");

require("core-js/modules/es6.string.includes");

var Utils =
/** @class */
function () {
function Utils() {
this.cname = 'Utils';
} Utils.prototype.test = function () {
[1, 2, 3].includes(2);
}; return Utils;
}(); window.subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用

然后我们再用webpack处理模块化webpack --mode development --progress。然后他妈的就报错了

ERROR in ./src/index.js
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'core-js/modules/es6.string.includes' in '/Users/dsh/Documents/demo/tsceg/src'
@ ./src/index.js 5:0-46

ERROR in ./src/index.js
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'core-js/modules/es7.array.includes' in '/Users/dsh/Documents/demo/tsceg/src'
@ ./src/index.js 3:0-45

我仔细的瞅了瞅node-module下边的core-js包,发现包里的moduels下就没有es6.string.includes和es7.array.includes这两个文件。我跑到github下找到这货的项目,看了看v3确实没有,但是v2还有,那看来就是第一种方案的时候,手动装垫片的时候,coreJs的版本默认给我装到v3。简言之,版本装错了,重新改成v2后就好了,一下是打包后的文件,就不展开了

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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("// fallback for non-array-like ES3 and non-enumerable old V8 strings\nvar cof = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_cof */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_cof.js\");\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\nmodule.exports = Object('z').propertyIsEnumerable(0) ? Object : function (it) {\n return cof(it) == 'String' ? it.split('') : Object(it);\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_iobject.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_is-object.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports) { eval("module.exports = function (bitmap, value) {\n return {\n enumerable: !(bitmap & 1),\n configurable: !(bitmap & 2),\n writable: !(bitmap & 4),\n value: value\n };\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_property-desc.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_redefine.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("var global = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_global */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_global.js\");\nvar hide = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_hide */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_hide.js\");\nvar has = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_has */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_has.js\");\nvar SRC = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_uid */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_uid.js\")('src');\nvar $toString = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_function-to-string */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_function-to-string.js\");\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar TPL = ('' + $toString).split(TO_STRING);\n\n__webpack_require__(/*! ./_core */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_core.js\").inspectSource = function (it) {\n return $toString.call(it);\n};\n\n(module.exports = function (O, key, val, safe) {\n var isFunction = typeof val == 'function';\n if (isFunction) has(val, 'name') || hide(val, 'name', key);\n if (O[key] === val) return;\n if (isFunction) has(val, SRC) || hide(val, SRC, O[key] ? '' + O[key] : TPL.join(String(key)));\n if (O === global) {\n O[key] = val;\n } else if (!safe) {\n delete O[key];\n hide(O, key, val);\n } else if (O[key]) {\n O[key] = val;\n } else {\n hide(O, key, val);\n }\n// add fake Function#toString for correct work wrapped methods / constructors with methods like LoDash isNative\n})(Function.prototype, TO_STRING, function toString() {\n return typeof this == 'function' && this[SRC] || $toString.call(this);\n});\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_redefine.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_shared.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("var core = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_core */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_core.js\");\nvar global = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_global */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_global.js\");\nvar SHARED = '__core-js_shared__';\nvar store = global[SHARED] || (global[SHARED] = {});\n\n(module.exports = function (key, value) {\n return store[key] || (store[key] = value !== undefined ? value : {});\n})('versions', []).push({\n version: core.version,\n mode: __webpack_require__(/*! ./_library */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_library.js\") ? 'pure' : 'global',\n copyright: '© 2019 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)'\n});\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_shared.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_string-context.js":
/*!*********************************************************!*\
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/*! no static exports found */
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("// helper for String#{startsWith, endsWith, includes}\nvar isRegExp = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_is-regexp */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_is-regexp.js\");\nvar defined = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_defined */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_defined.js\");\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, searchString, NAME) {\n if (isRegExp(searchString)) throw TypeError('String#' + NAME + \" doesn't accept regex!\");\n return String(defined(that));\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_string-context.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-absolute-index.js":
/*!************************************************************!*\
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/*! no static exports found */
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("var toInteger = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_to-integer */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-integer.js\");\nvar max = Math.max;\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (index, length) {\n index = toInteger(index);\n return index < 0 ? max(index + length, 0) : min(index, length);\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-absolute-index.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-integer.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports) { eval("// 7.1.4 ToInteger\nvar ceil = Math.ceil;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n return isNaN(it = +it) ? 0 : (it > 0 ? floor : ceil)(it);\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-integer.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-iobject.js":
/*!*****************************************************!*\
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("// to indexed object, toObject with fallback for non-array-like ES3 strings\nvar IObject = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_iobject */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_iobject.js\");\nvar defined = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_defined */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_defined.js\");\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n return IObject(defined(it));\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-iobject.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-length.js":
/*!****************************************************!*\
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("// 7.1.15 ToLength\nvar toInteger = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_to-integer */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-integer.js\");\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n return it > 0 ? min(toInteger(it), 0x1fffffffffffff) : 0; // pow(2, 53) - 1 == 9007199254740991\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-length.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_to-primitive.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports) { eval("var id = 0;\nvar px = Math.random();\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n return 'Symbol('.concat(key === undefined ? '' : key, ')_', (++id + px).toString(36));\n};\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_uid.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/_wks.js":
/*!**********************************************!*\
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { eval("var store = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_shared */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_shared.js\")('wks');\nvar uid = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_uid */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_uid.js\");\nvar Symbol = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_global */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_global.js\").Symbol;\nvar USE_SYMBOL = typeof Symbol == 'function';\n\nvar $exports = module.exports = function (name) {\n return store[name] || (store[name] =\n USE_SYMBOL && Symbol[name] || (USE_SYMBOL ? Symbol : uid)('Symbol.' + name));\n};\n\n$exports.store = store;\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/_wks.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/es6.string.includes.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { "use strict";
eval("// 21.1.3.7 String.prototype.includes(searchString, position = 0)\n\nvar $export = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_export */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_export.js\");\nvar context = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_string-context */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_string-context.js\");\nvar INCLUDES = 'includes';\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(/*! ./_fails-is-regexp */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_fails-is-regexp.js\")(INCLUDES), 'String', {\n includes: function includes(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {\n return !!~context(this, searchString, INCLUDES)\n .indexOf(searchString, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n }\n});\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/es6.string.includes.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./node_modules/core-js/modules/es7.array.includes.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { "use strict";
eval("\n// https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes\nvar $export = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_export */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_export.js\");\nvar $includes = __webpack_require__(/*! ./_array-includes */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_array-includes.js\")(true);\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n includes: function includes(el /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {\n return $includes(this, el, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n }\n});\n\n__webpack_require__(/*! ./_add-to-unscopables */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/_add-to-unscopables.js\")('includes');\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./node_modules/core-js/modules/es7.array.includes.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ "./src/index.js":
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/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { "use strict";
eval(" //具体目标\n\n__webpack_require__(/*! core-js/modules/es7.array.includes */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/es7.array.includes.js\");\n\n__webpack_require__(/*! core-js/modules/es6.string.includes */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/es6.string.includes.js\");\n\nvar Utils =\n/** @class */\nfunction () {\n function Utils() {\n this.cname = 'Utils';\n }\n\n Utils.prototype.test = function () {\n [1, 2, 3].includes(2);\n };\n\n return Utils;\n}();\n\nwindow.subject = new Utils(); //方便页面使用\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/index.js?"); /***/ }) /******/ });

缺点:虽然编译成了老版本的js和做了垫片,但是却多用了一个工具babel,现在是一工3个工具


方案三:只用webpack(ts-loader + babel-loader)

webpack的优秀之处在于,他能以loader和plugin的方式将其他工具整个到自身内。那么我们分别用ts-loader和babel-loader来仅用webpack去处理ts。避免了使用过多的工具的问题。
新建一个项目,
初始化node配置文件自动生成packge.json。
安装webpack,并新增配置文件。
新增入口文件src/index.ts
测试页面引入编译后的dist/main.js文件,别的内容没有
目录解构如下:

1、安装ts-loader,主要分4部分
npm install ts-loader typescript --save-dev
安装ts-loader
安装typescript
新增tsconfig.json,配置文件内容如上(当然也可以像下边babel配置文件的方式一样,只是懒得重复演示)
配置webpack对ts的loader规则,具体文件下边一起放出

2、安装babel-loader
其实这个时候,执行webpack就可以将ts编译为js了,但是为了兼容老的浏览器,我们要用babel来做垫片
安装babel核心库和babel-loader以及babel欲设
npm install -D babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env

另外就是垫片包了,babel7.4以上,@babel/polylill已经被启用了,代替他的是core-js、regenerator-runtime这两个包,记得安装
npm install -D core-js regenerator-runtime

然后把babel的配置转移到webpack的配置文件里就行,无需额外的配置文件

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: ['./src/index.ts'],
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: 'main.js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{ test: /\.ts$/,use: [
{
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
presets: [
[
'@babel/preset-env',
{
"useBuiltIns": "usage",
"corejs": 3,
"targets": {"browsers":["> 1%"]},
}
]
],
// 我是真搞不懂这厮,编译现在不用它也不会报错,同学们视情况而定吧,报错用
// 我认为可能是ts-loader已经给处理了类的实例属性,所以交付给babel-loader的时候,就不会有解析不过的问题了
// plugins:[
// ["@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties", { "loose": true }]
// ]
}
},
{loader: 'ts-loader'}
]}
]
}
};

这里有详细的关于匹配多个loader的用法

3、然后直接用webpack进行编译就行了
npx webpack --config webpack.config.js

优点在于一口气配置完后,只需要一个命令行就编译打包完。

对了提一下配置,如果用了ts-loader和babel-loader,
在tsconfig的配置中,尽量不要处理模块化,编译的语法也不要设置成比较低的es版本。因为后续babel会做。这是哪个老外告诉我的

esnext是指es最新的标准,ts是es基础上加了类型,target esnext基本就等于是ts只做类型检查,然后去掉类型标注得到es代码

缺点:虽然只用了一个工具,但是却用了两个loader,ts-loader和babel-loader,需要两个工具的安装 引入和配置

方案四:只用webpack(里边只用babel-loader)
现在新版的babel可以直接处理ts文件了,那么相应的的babel-loader也能处理。所以我们都可以省去一步,或者省掉一个loader,只用增加配置babel-loader就搞定
要想让babel-loader支持ts解析,那么需要安装一个插件@babel/preset-typescript,然后在修改配置文件webpack.config.js如下

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: ['./src/index.ts'],
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: 'main.js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{ test: /\.js$|.ts$/, loader: "babel-loader",exclude: /node_modules/,
options: {
presets: [
[
'@babel/preset-env',
{
"useBuiltIns": "usage",
"corejs": 3,
"targets": {"browsers":["> 1%"]},
}
],
["@babel/preset-typescript"]
],
plugins:[
["@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties", { "loose": true }]
]
}
}
]
}
};

因为我的代码里,有类实例属性定义,目前es6还不支持在类里定义属性,只能定义方法(妈的,刚才试了下,chrome78居然支持了),但估计支持没几年吧
而且@babel/preset-typescript也尚未支持对此的处理(如果用了ts-loader的话,它就给处理了,所以这也是方案三 为啥没装这个插件也可以编译的原因了)
所以编译的时候需要安装一个额外的插件去处理此类语法,@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties,并加入到如上的配置文件的plugins里。
我好奇,如果是js我定义了类的实例属性,会不会也需要这个插件,果然需要。
所以这个就是用来专门处理js或ts等类的实例属性编译机制的,所以单独拉出来做了个插件。
如果在preset-env和preset-typescript集合里内置了这个插件就好了,我觉得很常用啊,不然还得自己单独去加到plugins里

完事之后在webpack编译。就大工告成啦

/******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
/******/ // The module cache
/******/ var installedModules = {};
/******/
/******/ // The require function
/******/ function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
/******/
/******/ // Check if module is in cache
/******/ if(installedModules[moduleId]) {
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/***/ (function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) { "use strict";
eval("__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);\n/* harmony import */ var core_js_modules_es_function_name__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(/*! core-js/modules/es.function.name */ \"./node_modules/core-js/modules/es.function.name.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var core_js_modules_es_function_name__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(core_js_modules_es_function_name__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__);\n\n\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\"); } }\n\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } }\n\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }\n\nvar A =\n/*#__PURE__*/\nfunction () {\n function A() {\n _classCallCheck(this, A);\n }\n\n _createClass(A, null, [{\n key: \"getName\",\n value: function getName() {}\n }]);\n\n return A;\n}();\n\nA.name = 123;\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/index.js?"); /***/ }), /***/ 0:
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这是我的所有包,仅供参考

{
"name": "wpeg",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"@babel/core": "^7.6.4",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.5.5",
"@babel/preset-env": "^7.6.3",
"@babel/preset-typescript": "^7.6.0",
"babel-loader": "^8.0.6",
"core-js": "^3.3.5",
"regenerator-runtime": "^0.13.3",
"webpack": "^4.41.2",
"webpack-cli": "^3.3.9"
},
"dependencies": {}
}

通过配置文件分析可知,webpack已经不需要ts-loader了,而作为ts-loader的依赖包typescript也自然不需要了,作为ts的配置文件tsconfig.json也可以删除了。这样就省去了大量的ts第三方包和配置

缺点:需要较高版本的babel,但是这个问题会随着时间迎刃而解

babelCli直接编译ts
刚才有提到,babel7可以直接处理ts了,下边就讲一下单独使用babel工具的话,使用步骤?
新建一个空项目,创建src/index.ts后,除了安装如上必须的babel工具之外,还要做如下处理
a:首先要安装一个预设:npm install @babel/preset-typescript -D
b:如果你的类里边就像我的代码一样有类的实例属性,那么还要安装一个支持该特性的插件:
  npm install @babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties -D
c:然后创建babel的配置文件babel.config.js

然后运行npx babel src/index.ts --out-dir dist即可

所以最后的结论就是,用一个工具webpack,加一个处理器babel-loader就完全可以搞定ts啦

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