Liunx之Centos系统无人值守全自动化安装

　　作者:邓聪聪

定制centos6.8自动安装ISO光盘

安装系统为centos6.8 (base server)，安装方式为全新安装
使用ext4分区格式
安装前可以交互输入root密码，主机名，分区大小，然后安装过程自动化
关闭防火墙，selinux
网络为dhcp方式获取
时区为Asia/Shanghai
分区表类型为mbr
默认设置三个分区，boot分区200M，swap分区200M，其余为根分区

安装步骤

安装制作系统镜像所需要的工具

yum -y install  mkisofs createrepo

创建光盘挂载目录、资源重构目录、自定义数据库目录

mkdir /mnt/iso (挂载光盘)

mkdir /data/iso (ISO目录)

挂载CentOS系统光盘,并复制光盘目录下的内容到其他路径下，由于光盘内容权限为“只读”，可赋予权限直接修改或者cp新文件给权限修改。

mount -o loop /data/iso/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal.iso /mnt/iso

创建自响应文件 ks.cfg ，把此文件放在/data/iso/isolinux/ks.cfg

#version=DEVEL

# Firewall configuration

firewall  --disabled

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Use CDROM installation media

cdrom

#interactive

# Root password

rootpw --plaintext

# System authorization information

auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512

# Use text mode install

#text

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

network --onboot=yes --device=eth0 --bootproto=dhcp --noipv6

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info

# Reboot after installation

reboot

# System timezone

timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=

part swap --fstype="swap" --size=

part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

repo --name="CactiEZ"  --baseurl=file:///mnt/source --cost=100

%packages --nobase

@core

%post --nochroot
mkdir -p /mnt/sysimage/tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/cactiez-x86_64.tgz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1

%post

cd /tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
tar zxvf cactiez-x86_64.tgz >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1

cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/var/www/html/* /var/www/html >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/usr/* /usr >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/etc/* /etc >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1

sed -i "s/GSSAPIAuthentication no/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

echo "nameserver 219.141.140.10" >> /etc/resolv.conf

/sbin/chkconfig iptables off

%end

修改启动安装导向文件/data/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg,下面为修改后内容

default vesamenu.c32

#prompt

timeout

menu background splash.jpg

menu title Welcome to use CentOS 6.8!

menu color border  #ffffffff #

menu color sel  #ffffffff #ff000000

menu color title  #ffffffff #

menu color tabmsg  #ffffffff #

menu color unsel  #ffffffff #

menu color hotsel  #ff000000 #ffffffff

menu color hotkey  #ffffffff #ff000000

menu color scrollbar  #ffffffff #

label linux

menu label ^Install PowerSoft OS

menu default

kernel vmlinuz

append ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img

label vesa

menu label Install system with ^basic video driver

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodeset

label rescue

menu label ^Rescue installed system

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img rescue

label local

menu label Boot from ^local drive

localboot 0xffff

label memtest86

menu label ^Memory test

kernel memtest

append -

定制ISO光盘所需的数据

.discinfo文件 一定要复制过来，建议复制完之后检查该文件是否存在！！！

rm -fr /data/iso/repodata
declare -x discinfo=$(head -1 .discinfo)

cp /mnt/iso/repodata/*-c6-minimal-x86_64.xml ./c6-minimal-x86_64.xml

cd ..

createrepo -g repodata/c6-x86_64-comps.xml ./

重构系统，生成ISO镜像 --用于CentOS6.此步骤需要在iso的配置文件主目录中我这里是（/data/iso/）

mkisofs -o CentOS-.5_64.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size  -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T /data/iso/

重构系统，生成ISO镜像 --用于CentOS 7

genisoimage -v -cache-inodes -joliet-long -R -J -T -V CENTOS7 -o /root/centos7.iso -c isolinux/boot.cat  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size  -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -b images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot .

在CentOS7 中无法使用%post的参数ks.cfg配置文件如下：

#version=DEVEL
install
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
#graphical
text
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disabled
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=yes --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network --hostname=begon

# Root password
rootpw 12345678
firewall --disabled
selinux --disabled
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
#autopart --encrypted --type=lvm
bootloader location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=1024
part /boot --fstype xfs --size=300
part / --fstype xfs --size=1 --grow
#Reboot after installation
reboot --eject

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%post
systemctl stop firewalld
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

在CentOS7 中isolinux.cfg配置文件如下：

[root@bogon isolinux]# cat isolinux.cfg

default vesamenu.c32

timeout 

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.

# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without

# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.

menu clear

menu background splash.png

menu title CentOS

menu vshift

menu rows

menu margin

#menu hidden

menu helpmsgrow

menu tabmsgrow 

# Border Area

menu color border * # # none

# Selected item

menu color sel  #ffffffff # none

# Title bar

menu color title  #ff7ba3d0 # none

# Press [Tab] message

menu color tabmsg  #ff3a6496 # none

# Unselected menu item

menu color unsel  #84b8ffff # none

# Selected hotkey

menu color hotsel  #84b8ffff # none

# Unselected hotkey

menu color hotkey  #ffffffff # none

# Help text

menu color help  #ffffffff # none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.

menu color scrollbar  #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg

menu color timeout  #ffffffff # none

menu color timeout_msg  #ffffffff # none

# Command prompt text

menu color cmdmark  #84b8ffff # none

menu color cmdline  #ffffffff # none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line

menu separator # insert an empty line

label linux

  menu label ^Install CentOS

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 quiet

label check

  menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS

  menu default

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet

label linux

  menu label ^Install CentOS7 CentOS7.

  menu default

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg

menu separator # insert an empty line

# utilities submenu

menu begin ^Troubleshooting

  menu title Troubleshooting

label vesa

  menu indent count

  menu label Install CentOS  in ^basic graphics mode

  text help

        Try this option out if you're having trouble installing

        CentOS .

  endtext

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet

label rescue

  menu indent count

  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS system

  text help

        If the system will not boot, this lets you access files

        and edit config files to try to get it booting again.

  endtext

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet

label memtest

  menu label Run a ^memory test

  text help

        If your system is having issues, a problem with your

        system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to

        see if the memory is working correctly.

  endtext

  kernel memtest

menu separator # insert an empty line

label local

  menu label Boot from ^local drive

  localboot 0xffff

menu separator # insert an empty line

menu separator # insert an empty line

label returntomain

  menu label Return to ^main menu

  menu exit

menu end