linux下简单的备份的脚本 2 【转】

转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=26807463&id=4577034

之前写过linux下简单的备份的脚本 ， 最开始一直用着， 后来觉得有必要改进下它了， 不管是从操作方式上还是工作方式上。有这样的想法是因为一次备份引起的。 我经历过磁盘损坏的痛苦， 花了1500元才勉强将数据拯救回来， 于是导致我对备份要求更加高了， 我期望尽量每周备份， 期望备份的目的地是当前系统的完整镜像，也就是说我能够从备份盘启动，且启动后
系统的操作方法以及文件和当前的一模一样，每周我只需要增量备份当前的修改的备份盘，这样就安全了很多。于是就有了下面的备份脚本（我不喜欢造轮子，但是在linux下没有现成的适合我的）

NOTE： 当前还没有加入自动镜像系统，所以如果想镜像系统，那么可以手动这样操作， 准备一块大于当前系统盘的移动盘，
分区，注意分区的结构尽量和系统的一模一样， 然后格式化，文件系统也尽量相同， 然后就可以备份了 备份的时候主要有些
目录需要跳过，比如sys dev proc等等，需要跳过的目录可以在backup程序了面设置！
这是脚本程序：

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1. #!/bin/bash
2. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
3. # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
4. # published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
5. # the License, or (at your option) any later version.
6. #
7. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
8. # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
9. # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
10. # GNU General Public License for more details.
11. # Author: rongp
12. # email: rongpmcu#gmail.com
13. # Date: 2014/10/26
14. # 备份程序
15. # 特点：
16. # 主要支持unix类系统下， 支持符号链接
17. # 支持增量备份
18. # 支持网络备份（由于基于rsync， 很容易加入该功能，但暂时没加入）
19. # 文件名支持空格 但是不能出现含有@#@的文件名
20. # 支持备份每次的更新，方便用于人工操作失误后的修复
21. # 支持添加规则用于剔除某些文件 格式参考rsync的PATTERN部分
22. SHELL=/bin/bash
23. backup_cfg_path=/etc
24. backup_cfg=$backup_cfg_path/backup.cfg
25. db_path=
26. db_pathname=
27. inc_path=
28. XECHO=1
29. _help()
30. {
31. echo -e "$0 [option]\n"\
32. "\tOption:\n"\
33. "\t-h show this help.\n"\
34. "\t-i perform the installation, and you should use this option\n"\
35. "\t before using the backup to do something else.\n"\
36. "\t-u perform the un-installation.\n"
37. }
38. help()
39. {
40. echo -e "Command action\n"\
41. "\th show this help.\n"\
42. "\ta add any file that you want to backup to the database.\n"\
43. "\td delete any file that you no longer want from the database.\n"\
44. "\tb start backup.\n"\
45. "\tbf assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively.\n"\
46. "\tn perform a trial backup with no changes made.\n"\
47. "\tp print the file record.\n"\
48. "\tc do some configurations, such as, modifying the path to the\n"\
49. "\t database or to the incremental backup directory.\n"\
50. "\ts show the current configuration.\n"\
51. "\ti perform the installation, and you should use this option\n"\
52. "\t before using the backup to do something else.\n"\
53. "\tu perform the un-installation.\n"\
54. "\tq quit"
55. }
56. color_echo()
57. {
58. case "$1" in
59. g)
60. shift
61. echo -e "\033[32m"$@"\033[0m"
62. ;;
63. gn)
64. shift
65. echo -e -n "\033[32m"$@"\033[0m"
66. ;;
67. r)
68. shift
69. echo -e "\033[31m"$@"\033[0m"
70. ;;
71. y)
72. shift
73. echo -e "\033[33m"$@"\033[0m"
74. ;;
75. yn)
76. shift
77. echo -e -n "\033[33m"$@"\033[0m"
78. ;;
79. *)
80. shift
81. echo $@
82. ;;
83. esac
84. }
85. XECHO()
86. {
87. if [ "$XECHO" = 1 ]; then
88. echo $@
89. fi
90. }
91. check_src_dst()
92. {
93. if ! test -e "$1" || ! test -e "$2"; then
94. color_echo r "$1" or "$2" does not ignore
95. return 2
96. fi
97. local src_part1=`df "$1" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
98. local src_part2=`df "$2" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
99. local nsrc_inode=`ls -lid "$1" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
100. local ndst_inode=`ls -lid "$2" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
101. XECHO nsrc_inode:$nsrc_inode ndst_inode:$ndst_inode
102. if [ "$src_part1" != "$src_part2" ]; then
103. return 1
104. fi
105. if [ "$nsrc_inode" = "$ndst_inode" ]; then
106. color_echo r "$src is equivalent to $dst. ignore it!"
107. return 2
108. fi
109. if [ ! -e $db_pathname ]; then
110. return 1
111. fi
112. while read -r tsrc tdst tex_src;
113. do
114. tsrc="${tsrc//@#@/ }"
115. tdst="${tdst//@#@/ }"
116. tex_src="${tex_src//@#@/ }"
117. XECHO tsrc:"$tsrc" tdst:"$tdst"
118. osrc_inode=`ls -lid "$tsrc" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
119. odst_inode=`ls -lid "$tdst" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
120. XECHO osrc_inode:$osrc_inode odst_inode:$odst_inode
121. if [ "$nsrc_inode" = "$osrc_inode" -a "$ndst_inode" = "$odst_inode" ]; then
122. if [ ${1:((${#1}-1))} = '/' -a ${tsrc:((${#tsrc}-1))} != '/' ] \
123. || [ ${1:((${#1}-1))} != '/' -a ${tsrc:((${#tsrc}-1))} = '/' ]; then #/home and /home/ is very
124. echo -n "";
125. else
126. return 0
127. fi
128. fi
129. done < $db_pathname
130. return 1
131. }
132. extract_src_dst()
133. {
134. XECHO "extract src dst from $1"
135. src="${1%#*}"
136. dst="${1#$src}"
137. dst="${dst#\#}"
138. XECHO "src: $src"
139. XECHO "dst: $dst"
140. if [ "$src" = "" -o "$dst" = "" ]; then
141. return 1
142. else
143. return 0
144. fi
145. }
146. fix_path()
147. {
148. local srcpath="$1"
149. if [ "${srcpath:0:1}" = '/' ]; then
150. echo $srcpath
151. elif [ "${srcpath:0:2}" = './' ]; then
152. echo `pwd`/${srcpath:2}
153. else
154. echo `pwd`/$srcpath
155. fi
156. }
157. insert_new_item()
158. {
159. XECHO add item src:"$1" dst:"$2" exclude:"$3"
160. tmp1="${1// /@#@}"
161. tmp2="${2// /@#@}"
162. tmp3="${3// /@#@}"
163. echo "$tmp1" "$tmp2" "$tmp3" >> $db_pathname
164. return $?
165. }
166. parse_item()
167. {
168. if ! extract_src_dst "$1"; then
169. color_echo r "src:$src or dst:$dst is illegal!"
170. return 1
171. fi
172. src=`fix_path "$src"`
173. dst=`fix_path "$dst"`
174. XECHO after fixed, src:"$src"
175. XECHO after fixed, src:"$dst"
176. return 0
177. }
178. do_add()
179. {
180. local item
181. color_echo g "Enter the mode of adding files! Some patterns are available, as follows:"
182. color_echo g "eg: /home/#/tmp/ means we want to backup the whole things which "
183. color_echo g "are under home directory to /tmp directory."
184. color_echo g "eg: /home/#/tmp/:/etc/#/tmp/ means we want to backup the whole "
185. color_echo g "things which are under the home directory and the /etc/ directory "
186. color_echo g "to the /tmp directory, you can append any item with ':'."
187. color_echo r "Note: /home and /home/ are quite different, because /home just means "
188. color_echo r "/home itself while /home/ means the whole contents of /home."
189. read -p "Please type in file items: " items
190. items="`echo "$items" | sed "s/'//g"`"
191. flag=0
192. while [ $flag = 0 ];
193. do
194. item=${items%%:*}
195. items=${items#$item:}
196. ex_src=""
197. if [ "$items" = "$item" ]; then
198. flag=1
199. fi
200. if parse_item "$item"; then
201. check_src_dst "$src" "$dst"
202. ret=$?
203. if [ "$ret" = 0 ]; then
204. color_echo y "Warning! ""$src#$dst"" is already existed! do not re-submit!"
205. continue
206. elif [ "$ret" = 2 ]; then
207. continue
208. fi
209. read -p "Would you like to add some excluding conditions to $src: (y/n)[n] " yn
210. if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
211. color_echo r "Note: this is an expert mode, and we don't check your pattern"
212. color_echo r "is valid or not. Some patterns are available, as follows:"
213. color_echo r "eg: if your src directory is /home, and your want to exclude"
214. color_echo r "the directory /home/rongp, then you should type in \"rongp\"."
215. color_echo r "eg: if your src directory is /home, and your want to exclude"
216. color_echo r "the directory /home/rongp and /home/test, then you should"
217. color_echo r "type in \"rongp:test\", and you can append any item with ':' ."
218. read -p "Please type in paths to the excluding files: " exitem
219. ex_src="$exitem"
220. fi
221. if insert_new_item "$src" "$dst" "$ex_src"; then
222. echo ""$src"#"$dst" add successed!"
223. else
224. echo ""$src"#"$dst" add failed!"
225. fi
226. else
227. read -p "skip it? Yy/Nn:[n] " yn
228. if [ "$yn" = "y" -o "$yn" = "Y" ]; then
229. continue
230. fi
231. return 1
232. fi
233. done
234. return 0
235. }
236. get_choices()
237. {
238. local total_line=`wc -l $db_pathname | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
239. select_tab=
240. color_echo g "Enter the mode of "$1"! some patterns are available, as follows:"
241. color_echo g "eg: 1-3 means select no 1 2 3 item"
242. color_echo g "eg: 1:3:5 means select no 1 3 5 item"
243. color_echo g "you can append any no with ':' or '-', but don't mix use it."
244. color_echo g "no 0 means select all."
245. do_print
246. read -p "Please type in the number: " NO
247. if [ "${NO/-/ }" != "$NO" ]; then
248. num_tab=(${NO//-/ })
249. [ ${#num_tab[@]} -gt 2 ] && \
250. echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
251. num0=${num_tab[0]}
252. num1=${num_tab[1]}
253. XECHO num0:$num0 num1:$num1
254. if [ -z "${num0//[0-9]/}" -a "$num0" -le "$total_line" -a "$num0" -gt "0" ]\
255. && [ -z "${num1//[0-9]/}" -a "$num1" -le "$total_line" -a "$num1" -gt "0" ]\
256. && [ "$num0" -lt "$num1" ];
257. then
258. select_tab=(`seq $num0 $num1`)
259. else
260. echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
261. fi
262. elif [ "${NO/:/ }" != "$NO" ]; then
263. for num in ${NO//:/ }
264. do
265. if [ -z "${num//[0-9]/}" ]&&[ "$num" -le "$total_line" ]\
266. &&[ "$num" -gt "0" ]; then
267. continue
268. else
269. echo "Select failed, argument $num is illegal!" && return 1
270. fi
271. done
272. j=0
273. for i in ${NO//:/ }
274. do
275. select_tab[j]=$i
276. ((j++))
277. done
278. else
279. if [ "$NO" = 0 ]; then
280. select_tab=(`seq 1 $total_line`)
281. elif [ -z "${NO//[0-9]/}" ]&&[ "$NO" -le "$total_line" ]\
282. &&[ "$NO" -gt "0" ]; then
283. select_tab[0]=${NO}
284. else
285. echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
286. fi
287. fi
288. return 0
289. }
290. do_del()
291. {
292. if ! get_choices "deleting files"; then
293. return 1
294. fi
295. local total_num=${#select_tab[@]}
296. if [ "$total_num" = 1 ]; then
297. nums=${select_tab[0]}d
298. elif [ "$total_num" = 2 ]; then
299. nums=${select_tab[0]},${select_tab[1]}d
300. else
301. for ((i=0; i<$total_num; ++i))
302. do
303. nums+="${select_tab[i]}d;"
304. done
305. fi
306. sed -i "$nums" $db_pathname >/dev/null 2>&1
307. [ "$?" = 0 ] && echo "$NO delete successed!" || echo "$NO delete failed, delete failed!"
308. }
309. do_print()
310. {
311. [ ! -s $db_pathname ] && color_echo y "Warning, no record found!" && return 1
312. echo " no source destination action"
313. cat -n $db_pathname | sed 's/@#@/ /g'
314. }
315. check_in_select_tab()
316. {
317. local i
318. for ((i=0; i<${#select_tab[@]}; ++i))
319. do
320. XECHO $1:select_tab[$i]:${select_tab[i]}
321. if [ "${select_tab[i]}" = "$1" ]; then
322. return 0
323. fi
324. done
325. return 1
326. }
327. do_backup()
328. {
329. local ex_file=`mktemp`
330. local fake="${1/fake/-n}"
331. local yes="${1/yes/y}"
332. [ ! -f "$db_pathname" ] && color_echo r "$db_pathname does not exist!" && return 1
333. if ! get_choices "backup"; then
334. return 1
335. fi
336. local i=0
337. local k=0
338. while read -r src dst ex_src;
339. do
340. if check_in_select_tab $((i+1)); then
341. XECHO "$i in select table"
342. src="${src//@#@/ }"
343. dst="${dst//@#@/ }"
344. XECHO src:$src dst:$dst ex_src:$ex_src ex_file:$ex_file
345. src_tab[k]="$src"
346. dst_tab[k]="$dst"
347. ex_src_tab[k]="$ex_src"
348. ((k++))
349. fi
350. ((i++))
351. done < $db_pathname
352. for ((j=0; j<$k; ++j))
353. do
354. echo src:${src_tab[j]} dst:${dst_tab[j]} ex_src:${ex_src_tab[j]}
355. src="${src_tab[j]}"
356. dst="${dst_tab[j]}"
357. ex_src="${ex_src_tab[j]}"
358. echo "$ex_src" | awk -F ':' '{for (i=1;i<=NF;++i)print $i}' | sed 's/@#@/ /g' > $ex_file
359. if [ "$src" = "/" ]; then
360. tmpsrc=$(blkid `mount | grep "/ " | cut -d ' ' -f 1` | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
361. else
362. tmpsrc="$src"
363. fi
364. if [ "$dst" = "/" ]; then
365. tmpdst=$(blkid `mount | grep "/ " | cut -d ' ' -f 1` | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
366. else
367. tmpdst="$dst"
368. fi
369. color_echo g "We will start backup from "
370. color_echo r "$src"
371. color_echo g to
372. color_echo r "$dst"
373. color_echo g "with excluding file or directory"
374. color_echo r "${ex_src//@#@/ }"
375. color_echo gn "continue or not? y/n: "
376. if [ "$yes" = y ]; then
377. yn=y
378. else
379. read yn
380. fi
381. if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
382. echo Start backup "$src" to "$dst" with excluding file or directory "$ex_src"
383. (
384. flock -x 200
385. rsync -avzrtopg $fake --progress --delete --exclude-from=$ex_file \
386. "$src" "$dst" --backup --backup-dir=$inc_path/$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S_$(basename ${tmpsrc})_$(basename $tmpdst))
387. ) 200>/var/lock/abc
388. echo Backup $src to $dst with excluding file or directory $ex_src
389. else
390. echo Skip backup $src to $dst with excluding file or directory $
391. fi
392. done
393. }
394. get_answer()
395. {
396. local ret
397. if [ "$4" != "" ]; then
398. tmpbackup="$4"
399. else
400. tmpbackup=backup.cfg.bak
401. fi
402. while :
403. do
404. read -p "Type in $1 path of the backup(default is $2, q for exit): " ans_tmp
405. if [ "$ans_tmp" = q ]; then
406. ret=1
407. break
408. elif [ "$ans_tmp" != "" ]; then
409. if [ ! -d "$ans_tmp" ]; then
410. echo "$1: $ans_tmp is invalid!"
411. read -p "Would you like to create it now? y/n [y]: " yn
412. if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
413. mkdir -p $ans_tmp
414. else
415. continue
416. fi
417. fi
418. sed -i "s,$3.*,$3$ans_tmp,g" $tmpbackup
419. ret=$?
420. break
421. else
422. ans_tmp="$2"
423. ret=0
424. break
425. fi
426. done
427. return $ret
428. }
429. already_install()
430. {
431. if load_cfg $backup_cfg s; then
432. XECHO "already install"
433. return 0 #has install
434. fi
435. return 1
436. }
437. do_install()
438. {
439. color_echo g start install
440. if already_install; then
441. color_echo y "We check that you have already installed, you should"
442. color_echo yn "uninstall first, would you want to uninstall it first?y/n[n] "
443. read yn
444. if [ "$yn" != y ]; then
445. color_echo g install
446. color_echo r install
447. return 1
448. else
449. do_uninstall
450. fi
451. fi
452. cp -f backup.cfg backup.cfg.bak
453. load_cfg backup.cfg.bak s
454. if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
455. exit
456. fi
457. if ! get_answer "executable file backup" "$bin_path" "INSTALL_PATH=";then
458. color_echo g install
459. color_echo r install
460. return 1
461. fi
462. install_path=$ans_tmp
463. color_echo g install path is $install_path
464. if ! get_answer "database" "$db_path" "DB_PATH=";then
465. color_echo g install
466. color_echo r install
467. return 1
468. fi
469. db_path=$ans_tmp
470. color_echo g database path is $db_path
471. if ! get_answer "incremental backup" "$inc_path" "INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=";then
472. color_echo g install
473. color_echo r install
474. return 1
475. fi
476. inc_path=$ans_tmp
477. color_echo g incremental backup path is $inc_path
478. echo
479. who=`whoami`
480. cp backup $install_path
481. color_echo g install backup to $install_path
482. ret=$?
483. mv backup.cfg.bak $backup_cfg
484. color_echo g install $backup_cfg
485. ret=$((ret+$?))
486. mkdir -p $db_path
487. color_echo g install $db_path
488. ret=$((ret+$?))
489. mkdir -p $inc_path
490. color_echo g install $inc_path
491. ret=$((ret+$?))
492. ln -s $db_path $inc_path/db
493. color_echo g install $inc_path/db
494. ret=$((ret+$?))
495. color_echo g install
496. if [ $ret -gt 0 ]; then
497. color_echo r install
498. [ -e $bin_path/backup ] && rm_print $bin_path/backup
499. [ -e $backup_cfg ] && rm_print $backup_cfg
500. [ -e $inc_path/db ] && rm_print $inc_path/db && rm_print -rf $inc_path
501. [ -e $db_pathname ] && rm_print $db_pathname
502. rm_print -d $db_path
503. return 1
504. fi
505. echo
506. echo
507. color_echo y "The installation work is done, and you can remove this package now!"
508. color_echo y "Note: you should put the executable file \"backup\""
509. color_echo y "into \$PATH and you need to get \"root\" privileges to execute it."
510. color_echo y "for example, you can execute it like this in ubuntu: sudo backup"
511. return 0
512. }
513. rm_print()
514. {
515. color_echo g remove $@
516. eval rm $@
517. }
518. do_uninstall()
519. {
520. XECHO "Perform the un-installation."
521. color_echo g perform the un-installation...
522. if ! load_cfg $backup_cfg; then
523. color_echo g uninstall
524. fi
525. [ -e $bin_path/backup ] && rm_print $bin_path/backup
526. [ -e $backup_cfg ] && rm_print $backup_cfg
527. [ -e $inc_path/db ] && rm_print $inc_path/db && rm_print -rf $inc_path
528. [ -e $db_pathname ] && rm_print $db_pathname
529. rm_print -d $db_path
530. color_echo g uninstall
531. color_echo g uninstall
532. }
533. load_cfg()
534. {
535. if [ ! -e "$1" ]; then
536. [ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r "Error, we can't find the configure file $1, exit now!"
537. return 1
538. fi
539. bin_path=`sed -n 's/INSTALL_PATH=\(.*\)/\1/p' $1`
540. db_path=`sed -n 's/DB_PATH=\(.*\)/\1/p' $1`
541. db_pathname=$db_path/backup.db
542. inc_path=`sed -n 's/INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=\(.*\)/\1/p' $1`
543. if [ ! -d "$inc_path" ]; then
544. [ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r Load configuration file your should
545. [ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r check the directory $db_pathname is valid or
546. return 2
547. fi
548. XECHO database path is $db_path
549. XECHO database file path is $db_pathname
550. XECHO incremental backup path is $inc_path
551. return 0
552. }
553. show_configure()
554. {
555. color_echo g executable backup is in $bin_path
556. color_echo g database directory is in $db_path
557. color_echo g incremental backup directory is in $inc_path
558. }
559. do_modify_inc_backup_path()
560. {
561. if ! get_answer "incremental backup" "$inc_path" \
562. "INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=" $backup_cfg;then
563. return 1
564. fi
565. inc_path=$ans_tmp
566. XECHO incremental backup is $inc_path
567. return 0
568. }
569. do_configure()
570. {
571. color_echo g [1] modify incremental backup path
572. color_echo g [2] ...
573. read -p "Please type in the no which you are expecting to: " no
574. if [ "$no" = 1 ]; then
575. do_modify_inc_backup_path
576. else
577. color_echo r Unsupported
578. fi
579. }
580. backup_start()
581. {
582. if ! load_cfg $backup_cfg; then
583. exit
584. fi
585. while :
586. do
587. read -p "Command (h for help): " cmd
588. case "$cmd" in
589. a)
590. do_add
591. ;;
592. d)
593. do_del
594. ;;
595. p)
596. do_print
597. ;;
598. c)
599. do_configure
600. ;;
601. b)
602. do_backup
603. ;;
604. bf)
605. do_backup yes
606. ;;
607. n)
608. do_backup fake
609. ;;
610. s)
611. show_configure
612. ;;
613. i)
614. do_install
615. ;;
616. u)
617. do_uninstall
618. exit
619. ;;
620. q)
621. break
622. ;;
623. h | *)
624. help
625. ;;
626. esac
627. done
628. }
629. username=`echo $USER`
630. if [ "$username" != root ]; then
631. color_echo r "Error, you need to have \"root\" privileges to execute this program."
632. exit
633. fi
634. if [ "$1" = "-i" ]; then
635. if ! do_install; then
636. color_echo y "Sorry, We can't continue any more. Exit now!"
637. fi
638. exit
639. elif [ "$1" = "-u" ]; then
640. do_uninstall
641. exit
642. elif [ "$1" = "-h" ]; then
643. _help
644. exit
645. fi
646. if [ ! -e $backup_cfg ]; then
647. color_echo r "$backup_cfg does not exist! "
648. read -p "You need to install the backup first. perform the installation? y/n?[y]: " yn
649. if [ "$yn" != n ]; then
650. do_install
651. else
652. echo Sorry, we can\'t continue any more. Exit
653. fi
654. exit
655. fi
656. backup_start

这是配置文件

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. #############################
2. ######
3. #############################
4. AUTHOR=rongp
5. EMAIL=rongpmcu@gmail.com
6. VERSION=1.0
7. INSTALL_PATH=/usr/bin/
8. DB_PATH=/var/lib/backup/
9. INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=/var/lib/backup/incr_backup

git路径：git@bitbucket.org:rongpmcu/backup-script-shell.git