功能:设置响应消息

1.设置响应行

  1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  2. 设置状态码:setStatus(int sc)

2.设置响应头:setHeader(String name,String value)

3.设置响应体:

  • 使用步骤:

    1. 获取输出流

      • 字符输入流:PrintWirter getWriter()
      • 字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
    2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器(核心)

案例

1.完成重定向

  • 重定向:资源跳转的方式
  • 代码实现:

    //访问/ResponseDemo1,会自动跳转到/ResponseDemo2资源

    // //1.设置状态码为302

    // response.setStatus(302);

    // //2.设置响应头location

    // response.setHeader("location", "/07_Response_war_exploded/ResponseDemo2");

    // 简单的重定向

    response.sendRedirect("/07_Response_war_exploded/ResponseDemo2");
  • 重定向的特点:redirect
    1. 地址栏发生变化
    2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
    3. 重定向是两次请求,不可以使用request对象来共享数据
  • 转发的特点:forward
    1. 转发地址栏路径不变
    2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
    3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
  • forward和redirect区别
  • 路径写法
    1. 相对路径:通过相对路径不确定唯一资源

      • 规则:找到当前资源与目标资源之间的相对位置关系

        • ./:当前目录
        • ../:后退一级目录
    2. 绝对路径

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ResponseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo1111................");
//访问/ResponseDemo1,会自动跳转到/ResponseDemo2资源
// //1.设置状态码为302
// response.setStatus(302);
// //2.设置响应头location
// response.setHeader("location", "/07_Response_war_exploded/ResponseDemo2");
// 简单的重定向
response.sendRedirect("/07_Response_war_exploded/ResponseDemo2");
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
----------------------------------------------------------------
package cn.itcast.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ResponseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2222................");
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

2.服务器输出字符数据到浏览器

  • 步骤

    1. 获取字符输出流
    2. 输出数据
  • 乱码问题:
    • 简单形式//告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码,建议浏览器使用该编码解码
    • response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter; @WebServlet("/ResponseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码,建议浏览器使用该编码解码
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
//2.输出数据
// pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
pw.write("<h1>你好 response</h1>");
System.out.println("demo444................");
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

3.服务器输出字节数据到浏览器

  • 步骤 获取字节输出流,输出数据

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ResponseDemo5")
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
//2.输出数据
// sos.write("hello".getBytes());
sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

4.验证码

  • 本质:图片
  • 目的:防止恶意表单注册

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random; @WebServlet("/CheckCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
//创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//美化图片
//2.1.填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.pink);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//2.2.画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1); String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTOVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstovwxyz";
//生成随机角标
Random ran = new Random();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
g.drawString(ch + "", width / 5 * i, height / 2);
//2.3.写验证码
}
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1, x1, x2, y2);
} //将图片输出到页面显示
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
var img = document.getElementById("checkCode");
img.onclick = function () {
//加时间戳
var date = new Date().getTime();
img.src = "/07_Response_war_exploded/CheckCodeServlet?" + date;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="/07_Response_war_exploded/CheckCodeServlet"/>
<a id="checkCode" href="">看不清换一张</a>
</body>
</html>

5.获取ServletContext

  • ServletContext getServletContext()

5.1 代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/RequestDemo10")
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取数据
ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
System.out.println("demo1010被访问了....."); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// get 获取请求参数
// String username = request.getParameter("username");
// System.out.println("get");
// System.out.println(username);
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

5.2 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

5.3 获取MINE类型

    * MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式 大类型/小类型 text/html image/jepg
* 获取:String getMimeType(String file)

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
1.获取MINE类型
* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式 大类型/小类型 text/html image/jepg
* 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
*/ // 2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();
//定义文件名称
String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg
//获取MIME类型1
String mimeType = context2.getMimeType(filename);
System.out.println(mimeType);
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

5.4 域对象:共享数据

    1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
2. getAttribute(String name)
3. removeAttribute(String name)
* ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//设置数据
context.setAttribute("msg", "haha");
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
---------------------------------------------------------------
package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext; import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//设置数据
Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

5.5 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

    1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取文件的服务器路径
String realPath = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");
System.out.println(realPath);
File file = new File(realPath);
String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");
System.out.println(c);
String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");
System.out.println(a);
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

5.4 获取:

1. 通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext()
2. 通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();

代码如下

package cn.itcast.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
ServletContext对象获取
1.通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext()
2.通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();
*/
// 1.通过request对象获取
ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
// 2.通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println(context1);
System.out.println(context2);
System.out.println(context1 == context2);
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

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