使用python转换编码格式

之前有写过一个使用powershell转换文档格式的方法，然而因为powershell支持不是很全，所以并不好用。这里使用python再做一个。

思路

检测源码格式，如果不是utf8，则进行转换，否则跳过

代码

import chardet
import sys
import codecs

def findEncoding(s):
    file = open(s, mode='rb')
    buf = file.read()
    result = chardet.detect(buf)
    file.close()
    return result['encoding']

def convertEncoding(s):
    encoding = findEncoding(s)
    if encoding != 'utf-8' and encoding != 'ascii':
        print("convert %s%s to utf-8" % (s, encoding))
        contents = ''
        with codecs.open(s, "r", encoding) as sourceFile:
            contents = sourceFile.read()

        with codecs.open(s, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:
            targetFile.write(contents)

    else:
        print("%s encoding is %s ,there is no need to convert" % (s, encoding))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        print("error filename")
    else:
        convertEncoding(sys.argv[1])

实际测试，可以成功转换。

知识点

1. chardet，这个模块是用来检测编码格式的。检测完成之后返回一个dict类型。dict的key又两个，一个是encode，一个是confidence，参数函数顾名思义。
2. with as 这个语法很好用，特别是在打开文件的时候，可以处理忘记关闭文件导致文件一直被占用等异常。

批量转换

import chardet
import sys
import codecs
import os

def findEncoding(s):
    file = open(s, mode='rb')
    buf = file.read()
    result = chardet.detect(buf)
    file.close()
    return result['encoding']

def convertEncoding(s):
    if  os.access(s,os.W_OK):
        encoding = findEncoding(s)
        if encoding != 'utf-8' and encoding != 'ascii':
            print("convert %s%s to utf-8" % (s, encoding))
            contents = ''
            with codecs.open(s, "r", encoding) as sourceFile:
                contents = sourceFile.read()

            with codecs.open(s, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:
                targetFile.write(contents)

        else:
            print("%s encoding is %s ,there is no need to convert" % (s, encoding))
    else:
        print("%s read only" %s)

def getAllFile(path, suffix='.'):
    "recursive is enable"
    f = os.walk(path)
    fpath = []

    for root, dir, fname in f:
        for name in fname:
            if name.endswith(suffix):
                fpath.append(os.path.join(root, name))

    return fpath

def convertAll(path):
    fclist = getAllFile(path, ".c")
    fhlist = getAllFile(path, ".h")
    flist = fclist + fhlist
    for fname in flist:
        convertEncoding(fname)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = ''
    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
        path = os.getcwd()

    elif len(sys.argv) == 2:
        path = sys.argv[1]
    else:
        print("error parameter")
        exit()

    convertAll(path)

可以指定目录，也可以在当前目录下用，递归遍历。

知识点

1. os.walk，遍历所有文件
2. os.access，检查文件属性