Python开发【模块】：time、datatime

时间模块

时间相关的操作，时间有三种表示方式：

• 时间戳               1970年1月1日之后的秒，即：time.time()
• 格式化的字符串    2014-11-11 11:11，    即：time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
• 结构化时间          元组包含了：年、日、星期等... time.struct_time    即：time.localtime()

time模块：

# time模块
import time

print(time.time())  # 时间戳
# 1472037866.0750718

print(time.localtime())  # 结构化时间
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=8, tm_min=44, tm_sec=46, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=238, tm_isdst=0)

print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))
# 1498545592.0

print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))  # 格式化的字符串
# 2016-08-25
print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime()))
# 2016-08-25

print(time.gmtime())  # 结构化时间
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=3, tm_min=8, tm_sec=48, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=238, tm_isdst=0)

print(time.strptime('2014-11-11', '%Y-%m-%d'))  # 结构化时间
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2014, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=11, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=315, tm_isdst=-1)

print(time.asctime())
# Thu Aug 25 11:15:10 2016
print(time.asctime(time.localtime()))
# Thu Aug 25 11:15:10 2016
print(time.ctime(time.time()))
# Thu Aug 25 11:15:10 2016

结构化时间：

时间戳、格式化字符串、机构化时间相互转换：

datetime模块：

import datetime

print(datetime.date)    #表示日期的类。常用的属性有year, month, day
#<class 'datetime.date'>
print(datetime.time)    #表示时间的类。常用的属性有hour, minute, second, microsecond
#<class 'datetime.time'>
print(datetime.datetime)        #表示日期时间
#<class 'datetime.datetime'>
print(datetime.timedelta)       #表示时间间隔，即两个时间点之间的长度
#<class 'datetime.timedelta'>

print(datetime.datetime.now())
#2016-08-25 14:21:07.722285
print(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=5))
#2016-08-20 14:21:28.275460

时间比较、运算：

import time

str = '2017-03-26 3:12'
str2 = '2017-07-26 13:12'
date1 = time.strptime(str, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
date2 = time.strptime(str2, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
if float(time.time()) >= float(time.mktime(date1)) and float(time.time()) <= float(time.mktime(date2)):
    print 'cccccccc'
if time.localtime() >= date1 and time.localtime() <= date2:
    print 'zzzzzzzz'

import datetime

str = '2017-03-26 3:12'
str2 = '2017-05-26 13:12'
date1 = datetime.datetime.strptime(str,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
date2 = datetime.datetime.strptime(str2,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
datenow =  datetime.datetime.now()
if datenow <date1:
    print 'dddddd'

时间戳转为时间字符串：

import time

stime = time.time()
# 1512713749.85
stime = time.gmtime(stime)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=6, tm_min=15, tm_sec=49, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=342, tm_isdst=0)
stime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',stime)
# 2017-12-08 06:15:49

datetime.datetime转为时间戳：

import datetime
import time

dtime = datetime.datetime.now()
print(dtime)
# 2018-09-14 14:19:38.291610
print(type(dtime))
# <class 'datetime.datetime'>
timestamp_time = time.mktime(dtime.timetuple())
print(timestamp_time)
# 1536905978.0
print(type(timestamp_time))
# <class 'float'>

定时每天几点执行任务：

    # 定时时间，每天执行
    START_TIME_HOUR = 2  # 时
    START_TIME_MINUTE = 00  # 分
    date = datetime.datetime.now()
    excute_time = '%s %s:%s' % (time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), START_TIME_HOUR, START_TIME_MINUTE)
    excute_time = time.strptime(excute_time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
    excute_time = time.mktime(excute_time)
    if date.hour > START_TIME_HOUR:
        excute_time += 24 * 60 * 60           # 加一天
    elif date.hour == START_TIME_HOUR and date.minute >= START_TIME_MINUTE :
        excute_time += 24 * 60 * 60           # 加一天
    logging.info('timer wait %s',excute_time-time.time())
    timer = threading.Timer(excute_time-time.time(),execute)
    timer.start()

　　

Mysql数据库中DATETIME字段运算

sql = "SELECT * FROM cdr.tx_cdr_master WHERE  id = '205542246'"
cursor.execute(sql)
database = cursor.fetchone()
print(database)
print(type(database['stime']))
print(database['stime'])
ndate = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=0.5)
print(ndate)
if database['stime'] < ndate:
    print('***')

{'id': 205542246, 'requestid': '', 'callid': '000c29be8df6a5a611e8c0a621d83c3c', 'calltype': 1, 'direction': 1, 'caller': '18612721422', 'callee': '', 'dh': '01053180014', 'callresult': 2, 'stime': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 17, 33, 59), 'etime': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 17, 34, 6), 'rec_path': '', 'serverid': 'asterisk2', 'taskid': '', 'agentid': '', 'agentgrpid': '', 'compid': '800085', 'feetime': 6, 'totaltime': 7, 'fee': Decimal('11.00'), 'flags': 3, 'hanguper': 1, 'caller_area': '??-??', 'callee_area': '', 'ifhandle': b'\x01', 'isfee': 1, 'ref': '', 'feedate': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 17, 34, 25), 'createdate': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 17, 34, 6), 'SerialNumber': 0, 'userphone': '18612721422', 'user_area': '??-??'}
<class 'datetime.datetime'>
2018-09-25 17:33:59
2018-09-25 23:51:03.852978
***