使用systemctl管理服务(nginx)

首先调整好路径信息，修改配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecQuit=/usr/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

由于进程已经存在，编辑好之后，执行启动命令是失败的。
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2021-11-12 09:15:54 CST; 51s ago
Process: 2378 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 2376 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Nov 12 09:15:53 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:15:53 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:15:53 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 nginx[2378]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 systemd[1]: Failed to start The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
Nov 12 09:15:54 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.

手动执行检查命令，发现是被占用的，也就是由于nginx已经是启动状态，无论怎么弄都不行
[root@mcw1 ~]# /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

把nginx服务停掉
[root@mcw1 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1925 1 0 08:33 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 2220 1925 0 09:10 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 2411 1829 0 09:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# kill 1925
[root@mcw1 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 2413 1829 0 09:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]#

用systemctl启动nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl start nginx

这时查看进程是没有问题的
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-11-12 09:20:03 CST; 3s ago
Process: 2511 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2510 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2514 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─2514 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
└─2515 nginx: worker process

Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 nginx[2510]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 nginx[2510]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

用systemctl停掉nginx，也米有问题
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)

Nov 12 09:17:01 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 nginx[2510]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 nginx[2510]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Nov 12 09:20:03 mcw1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Nov 12 09:20:23 mcw1 systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Nov 12 09:20:23 mcw1 systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Nov 12 09:20:23 mcw1 systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service:12] Unknown lvalue 'ExecQuit' in section 'Service'
Nov 12 09:20:23 mcw1 systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service:12] Unknown lvalue 'ExecQuit' in section 'Service'
Nov 12 09:20:26 mcw1 systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service:12] Unknown lvalue 'ExecQuit' in section 'Service'

用systemctl启动和重启nginx，都米有问题
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-11-12 09:20:38 CST; 4s ago
Process: 2548 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nginx -s stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2554 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2553 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2556 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─2556 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
└─2557 nginx: worker process

Nov 12 09:20:38 mcw1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Nov 12 09:20:38 mcw1 nginx[2553]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Nov 12 09:20:38 mcw1 nginx[2553]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Nov 12 09:20:38 mcw1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@mcw1 ~]#

用systemctl停掉nginx。然后直接用命令启动nginx。再使用systemctl重启管理，这下子就不行了。
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@mcw1 ~]# nginx
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@mcw1 ~]#

总结：也就是如果用systemtl管理的话，后面也用systemctl就行，直接用命令启停服务，也可以。但是两者交叉管理服务，很有可能出问题

根据报错提示查看错误详情。显示有地址已经在使用的错误信息，说明服务已经启动了，但是命令直接启动的，没有用systemctl启动，所以后面的查看，启动，重启，等操作用systemctl会出错。
[root@mcw1 ~]# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2021-11-12 09:28:14 CST; 3min 1s ago
Process: 2712 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 2711 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Nov 12 09:28:13 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:13 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:13 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: Failed to start The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
[root@mcw1 ~]# journalctl -xe
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 polkitd[902]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2705:524584 (system bus name :1.122, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyK
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 nginx[2712]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: Failed to start The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit nginx.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
Nov 12 09:28:14 mcw1 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
Nov 12 09:30:01 mcw1 systemd[1]: Started Session 23 of user root.
-- Subject: Unit session-23.scope has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit session-23.scope has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
Nov 12 09:30:01 mcw1 systemd[1]: Starting Session 23 of user root.
-- Subject: Unit session-23.scope has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit session-23.scope has begun starting up.
Nov 12 09:30:01 mcw1 CROND[2718]: (root) CMD (/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1)