爬取豆瓣电影储存到数据库MONGDB中以及反反爬虫

1.代码如下：

doubanmoive.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanItem

class DoubamovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "doubanmovie"
    allowed_domains = ["movie.douban.com"]
    offset = 0
    url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    start_urls = (
            url+str(offset),
    )

    def parse(self, response):
        item = DoubanItem()
        movies = response.xpath("//div[@class='info']")

        for each in movies:
            # 标题
            item['title'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='title'][1]/text()").extract()[0]
            # 信息
            item['bd'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p/text()").extract()[0]
            # 评分
            item['star'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='star']/span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()[0]
            # 简介
            quote = each.xpath(".//p[@class='quote']/span/text()").extract()
            if len(quote) != 0:
                item['quote'] = quote[0]
            yield item

        if self.offset < 225:
            self.offset += 25
            yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset), callback = self.parse)

items.py

import scrapy

class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # 标题
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 信息
    bd = scrapy.Field()
    # 评分
    star = scrapy.Field()
    # 简介
    quote = scrapy.Field()

2.在管道文件中更改储存位置

import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        host = settings["MONGODB_HOST"]
        port = settings["MONGODB_PORT"]
        dbname = settings["MONGODB_DBNAME"]
        sheetname= settings["MONGODB_SHEETNAME"]

        # 创建MONGODB数据库链接
        client = pymongo.MongoClient(host = host, port = port)
        # 指定数据库
        mydb = client[dbname]
        # 存放数据的数据库表名
        self.sheet = mydb[sheetname]

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        data = dict(item)
        self.sheet.insert(data)
        return item

3.新建中间件 middlewares.py 进行反反爬虫

 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

 import random
 import base64

 from settings import USER_AGENTS
 from settings import PROXIES

 # 随机的User-Agent
 class RandomUserAgent(object):
     def process_request(self, request, spider):
         useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)
         #print useragent
         request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", useragent)

 class RandomProxy(object):
     def process_request(self, request, spider):
         proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)

         if proxy['user_passwd'] is None:
             # 没有代理账户验证的代理使用方式
             request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']

         else:
             # 对账户密码进行base64编码转换
             base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy['user_passwd'])
             # 对应到代理服务器的信令格式里
             request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64_userpasswd

             request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']

4.setting的设置

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 # Scrapy settings for douban project
 #
 # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
 # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
 #
 #     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
 #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
 #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

 BOT_NAME = 'douban'

 SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
 NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'

 # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
 USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;"

 # Obey robots.txt rules
 #ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

 # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
 # See also autothrottle settings and docs
 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2.5
 # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

 # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
 COOKIES_ENABLED = False

 # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
 #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

 # Override the default request headers:
 #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
 #   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
 #   'Accept-Language': 'en',
 #}

 # Enable or disable spider middlewares
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
 #    'douban.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
 #}

 # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
 DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
     'douban.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 100,
     'douban.middlewares.RandomProxy': 200,
 }

 USER_AGENTS = [
     'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)',
     'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2)',
     'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
     'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
     'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
     'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.3; zh-cn; M032 Build/IML74K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30',
     'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/0.2.149.27 Safari/525.13'
 ]

 PROXIES = [
         {"ip_port" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : "mr_mao_hacker:sffqry9r"},
         #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
         #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
         #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
 ]

 #LOG_FILE = "douban.log"
 #LOG_LEVEL = "DEBUG"
 # Enable or disable extensions
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
 #EXTENSIONS = {
 #    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
 #}

 # Configure item pipelines
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
 ITEM_PIPELINES = {
     'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
 }

 # MONGODB 主机名
 MONGODB_HOST = "127.0.0.1"

 # MONGODB 端口号
 MONGODB_PORT = 27017

 # 数据库名称
 MONGODB_DBNAME = "Douban"

 # 存放数据的表名称
 MONGODB_SHEETNAME = "doubanmovies"

 # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
 # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
 #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
 # The initial download delay
 #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
 #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
 # each remote server
 #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
 #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

 # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
 #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
 #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
 #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
 #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'