Python之路-shell&计划任务

开发脚本自动部署及监控
1.编写脚本自动部署反向代理、web、nfs；
要求： I、部署nginx反向代理三个web服务，调度算法使用加权轮询；
           II、所有web服务使用共享存储nfs，保证所有web都对其有读写权限，保证数据一致性；

          编写的部署脚本有两个，分别为nginx部署脚本和nfs部署脚本，根据IP检测要部署到的主机是服务器或者是客户端，识别出来后，执行不同的安装配置操作。

a.部署nginx

#!/bin/bash
#Deploy_Web   to : deploy nginx
function Pre_Action(){
        yum clean all
        yum install epel* -y
         if [ $? -eq  ]
                then
                echo 'epel_package install right'
        else
                echo 'epel_package install ERROR!!!'
        fi
        yum clean all
        yum install nginx -y
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nginx_package install right'
        else
                echo 'nginx_pacage install ERROR'
        fi
}
function Close_Wall(){
        systemctl stop firewalld                                                  #close firewall
        setenforce                                                               #close selinux
        iptables –L                                                              #clear tables
        systemctl disable firewalld #disable
}
function Restart_service(){
        systemctl start nginx   #start nginx
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nginx_service start!!!'
        else
                systemctl restart nginx
                if [ $? -eq  ]
                then
                         echo 'nginx_service start!!!'
                else
                         echo 'nginx_servive is not good!!!'
                fi
        fi
}
function Cilent_conf(){
        Pre_Action
        Close_Wall
        Restart_service
}
function Server_conf(){
        Cilent_conf
        msg='upstream mserver{ server 192.168.0.115 weight=3;server 192.168.0.116;server 192.168.0.117; }'  #访问web115的权重为3
        sed -ri "/^http/a $msg" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf                                                       #增加upstream
        sed -ri "/^ *location \/ \{$/a proxy_pass http://mserver\;" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf                   #修改localtion
        systemctl restart nginx                                                                             #重启nginx服务
}

ipaddr=`ifconfig|awk 'NR==2{print $2}'`
echo $ipaddr
if [ "$ipaddr" = '192.168.0.114']
then
        Server_conf
else
        Cilent_conf
fi

b.部署nfs

#!/bin/bash
#start nfs_service
function nfs_pre(){
        yum clean all
        yum install rpcbind nfs-utils -y
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nfs_package install right!!!'
        else
                echo 'nfs_package install ERROR!!!'
                exit
        fi
}

function Server_conf(){
        mkdir /share
        echo '/share 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,fsid=0)' > /etc/exports
#       head - /etc/exports
        chmod -R  /share
}
function Client_conf(){
#       mkdir  /data_disk
        mount -t nfs 192.168.0.118:/share /usr/share/nginx/html
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                 echo 'mount successful!!!'
        else
                echo 'mount failed!!!'
                exit
        fi
}

function nfs_start(){
        systemctl enable nfs-server.service
        systemctl enable rpcbind.service

        systemctl start rpcbind.service
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'rpcbind start!!!'
        else
                systemctl restart rpcbind.service
                if [ $? -eq  ]
                then
                         echo 'rpcbind_service start!!!'
                else
                         echo 'rpcbind_servive is not good!!!'
                fi
        fi
        systemctl start nfs-server.service
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nfs-server start!!!'
        else
                systemctl restart nfs-server.service
                if [ $? -eq  ]
                then
                         echo 'nfs-server start!!!'
                else
                         echo 'nfs-server is not good!!!'
                fi
        fi
        exportfs
}
ipaddr=`ifconfig|awk 'NR==2{print $2}'`
echo $ipaddr
if [ "$ipaddr" = '192.168.0.118' ]
then
        nfs_pre
        Server_conf
        nfs_start
else
        nfs_pre
        nfs_start
        Client_conf
        systemctl restart nginx
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nfs-server restart!!!'
        else
                echo 'nfs-server restart fail!!!'
        fi
fi

c.在部署了一台nginx反向代理服务器，三台web服务器和一台nfs共享存储服务器后，在共享服务器的/share目录下创建了文件suc.txt。用浏览器访问nginx反向代理服务器的IP验证。

2.编写监控脚本，监控集群内所有服务存活状态，内存、磁盘剩余率检测，异常则发送报警邮件

a.要监控的服务有nginx和nfs是否关闭,还监控着内存和磁盘剩余率,其中磁盘剩余分为inode使用情况和内存空间使用情况

b.第三方邮件

[root@ym script]# vim /usr/bin/my_mail

具体使用参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/p/6602149.html#_label7

c.监控脚本如下

#!/bin/bash
cpu_limit= #cpu使用超过50%
mem_limit= #内存使用超过50%发送邮件
disk='/dev/sda1' #需要监控的磁盘名
disk_inode_limit= #磁盘inode使用
disk_space_limit= #磁盘空间使用
function m_nginx(){
        ps aux |grep nginx|grep -v grep &> /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nginx is normal'
        else
                 msg="TIME:$(date +%F_%T)
                 HOSTNAME:$(hostname)
                 IPADDR:$(/usr/sbin/ifconfig|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
                 MSG:nginx is stop!!!"
                 echo $msg
                 /usr/bin/my_mail $msg
        fi
}

function m_nfs(){
        ps aux |grep nfs|grep -v grep &> /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq  ]
        then
                echo 'nfs is normal'
        else
                 msg="TIME:$(date +%F_%T)
                 HOSTNAME:$(hostname)
                 IPADDR:$(/usr/sbin/ifconfig|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
                 MSG:nfs is stop!!!"
                 echo $msg
                 /usr/bin/my_mail $msg
        fi
}
function m_mem(){
    mem_total=`free |awk 'NR==2{print $2}'`
    mem_use=`free |awk 'NR==2{print $3}'`
    mem_per=`echo "scale=2;$mem_use/$mem_total" |bc -l|cut -d. -f2`
    if [ $mem_per -gt $mem_limit ]
        then
            msg="TIME:$(date +%F_%T)
                 HOSTNAME:$(hostname)
                 IPADDR:$(/usr/sbin/ifconfig |awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
                 MSG:Memory usage exceeds the limit,current value is ${mem_per}%"
            echo $msg
            /usr/bin/my_mail $msg
    fi
}
function m_disk_inode(){
    inode_use=`df -i $disk |awk 'NR==2{print $5}' |cut -d% -f1`
    if [ $inode_use -gt $disk_inode_limit ]
        then
            msg="TIME:$(date +%F_%T)
                 HOSTNAME:$(hostname)
                 IPADDR:$(/usr/sbin/ifconfig |awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
                 MSG:Disk inode usage exceeds the limit,current value is ${inode_use}%"
            echo $msg
            /usr/bin/my_mail $msg
    fi
}

function m_disk_space(){
    space_use=`df $disk |awk 'NR==2{print $5}'|cut -d% -f1`
    if [ $space_use -gt $disk_space_limit ]
        then
            msg="TIME:$(date +%F_%T)
                 HOSTNAME:$(hostname)
                 IPADDR:$(/usr/sbin/ifconfig |awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
                 MSG:Disk space usage exceeds the limit,current value is ${space_use}%"
            echo $msg
            /usr/bin/my_mail $msg
    fi
}
m_nginx &>> /tmp/monitor.log
m_nfs &>> /tmp/monitor.log
m_mem &>> /tmp/monitor.log
m_disk_inode &>> /tmp/monitor.log
m_disk_space &>> /tmp/monitor.log

d.执行验证

3.编写计划任务，定时运行监控脚本，完成监控操作

a.制定计划任务

[root@ym script]# crontab -e -u root

b.计划任务内容

*     *     *     *      *    command

分   时    日    月     周               具体参考  man 5 crontab

注意：尽量全部使用绝对路径（包括命令，也使用命令的绝对路径）

c.显示已经制定的计划任务

[root@ym script]# crontab -l

d.监控正在执行的计划任务

[root@ym script]# tail -f /var/log/cron

e. 邮件验证