spring boot: 用redis的消息订阅功能更新应用内的caffeine本地缓存(spring boot 2.3.2)

一，为什么要更新caffeine缓存？

1，caffeine缓存的优点和缺点

生产环境中，caffeine缓存是我们在应用中使用的本地缓存，

它的优势在于存在于应用内，访问速度最快，通常都不到1ms就能做出响应，

缺点在于不方便管理，因为存在于多台负载均衡的web服务器上，

很难象管理redis缓存一样对它做出更新、删除。

2,通常我们会把caffeine缓存的时间设置为5分钟或10分钟，

但当有大型促销活动开始时，如果缓存还没过期，

则web服务显示的数据不会立刻得到更新，

我们如何更新多台web服务器的的应用内缓存？

使用redis的消息订阅是解决方法之一，

我们从后台发送一条消息到redis,

订阅了redis的web服务收到消息可以对缓存进行处理，

这样实现对多台web服务器上的缓存的更新

3, 生产环境中通常会使用多级缓存，

我们在更新caffeine缓存时，

也不要去访问数据库，避免导致对数据库的并发访问，

而是更新完redis后，

本地缓存从redis获取数据，

而几百几千数量级的并发访问对于redis来说压力很小

说明：刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客，地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/architectforest

对应的源码可以访问这里获取： https://github.com/liuhongdi/

说明：作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com

二，演示项目的相关信息

1，项目地址

https://github.com/liuhongdi/redispubsub

2,项目功能说明：

web服务通过订阅redis的消息，

实现对缓存的更新/删除/清除

3，项目结构：如图:

三，配置文件说明

1,pom.xml

        <!--redis begin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--redis   end-->

        <!-- fastjson begin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.73</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson   end-->

        <!--local cache begin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId>
            <artifactId>caffeine</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--local cache   end-->

        <!--mybatis begin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis end-->

        <!--mysql begin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql end-->

2,application.properties

#error
server.error.include-stacktrace=always
#errorlog
logging.level.org.springframework.web=trace

#redis1
spring.redis1.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis1.port=6379
spring.redis1.password=lhddemo
spring.redis1.database=0

spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-active=32
spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-wait=300
spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-idle=16
spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.min-idle=8

spring.redis1.enabled=1

#mysql
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/store?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=lhddemo
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

#mybatis
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:/mapper/*Mapper.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.example.demo.mapper
mybatis.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

#profile
spring.profiles.active=cacheenable

3,goods数据表的建表sql:

CREATE TABLE `goods` (
 `goodsId` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
 `goodsName` varchar(500) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'name',
 `subject` varchar(200) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '标题',
 `price` decimal(15,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00' COMMENT '价格',
 `stock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'stock',
 PRIMARY KEY (`goodsId`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='商品表'

四，java代码说明

1,CacheConfig.java

@Profile("cacheenable")   //prod这个profile时缓存才生效
@Configuration
@EnableCaching //开启缓存
public class CacheConfig {
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAXSIZE = 10000;
    public static final int DEFAULT_TTL = 600;
    private SimpleCacheManager cacheManager = new SimpleCacheManager();

    //定义cache名称、超时时长（秒）、最大容量
    public enum CacheEnum{
        goods(60,1000),       //有效期600秒, 最大容量1000
        homePage(7200,1000),  //有效期2个小时 , 最大容量1000
        ;
        CacheEnum(int ttl, int maxSize) {
            this.ttl = ttl;
            this.maxSize = maxSize;
        }
        private int maxSize=DEFAULT_MAXSIZE;    //最大數量
        private int ttl=DEFAULT_TTL;        //过期时间（秒）
        public int getMaxSize() {
            return maxSize;
        }
        public int getTtl() {
            return ttl;
        }
    }

    //创建基于Caffeine的Cache Manager
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public CacheManager caffeineCacheManager() {
        ArrayList<CaffeineCache> caches = new ArrayList<CaffeineCache>();
        for(CacheEnum c : CacheEnum.values()){
            caches.add(new CaffeineCache(c.name(),
                    Caffeine.newBuilder().recordStats()
                            .expireAfterWrite(c.getTtl(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                            .maximumSize(c.getMaxSize()).build())
            );
        }
        cacheManager.setCaches(caches);
        return cacheManager;
    }
    @Bean
    public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
        return cacheManager;
    }
}

说明：创建了两个缓存 goods,homePage

2,RedisConfig.java

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    @Primary
    public LettuceConnectionFactory redis1LettuceConnectionFactory(RedisStandaloneConfiguration redis1RedisConfig,
                                                                    GenericObjectPoolConfig redis1PoolConfig) {
        LettuceClientConfiguration clientConfig =
                LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.builder().commandTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(100))
                        .poolConfig(redis1PoolConfig).build();
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory(redis1RedisConfig, clientConfig);
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate redis1Template(
            @Qualifier("redis1LettuceConnectionFactory") LettuceConnectionFactory redis1LettuceConnectionFactory) {
        StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate = new StringRedisTemplate();

        //使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的value值
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());

        //使用StringRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的key值
        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());

        //开启事务
        redisTemplate.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redis1LettuceConnectionFactory);
        redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    @Configuration
    public static class Redis1Config {
        @Value("${spring.redis1.host}")
        private String host;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.port}")
        private Integer port;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.password}")
        private String password;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.database}")
        private Integer database;

        @Value("${spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-active}")
        private Integer maxActive;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-idle}")
        private Integer maxIdle;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.max-wait}")
        private Long maxWait;
        @Value("${spring.redis1.lettuce.pool.min-idle}")
        private Integer minIdle;

        @Bean
        public GenericObjectPoolConfig redis1PoolConfig() {
            GenericObjectPoolConfig config = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
            config.setMaxTotal(maxActive);
            config.setMaxIdle(maxIdle);
            config.setMinIdle(minIdle);
            config.setMaxWaitMillis(maxWait);
            return config;
        }

        @Bean
        public RedisStandaloneConfiguration redis1RedisConfig() {
            RedisStandaloneConfiguration config = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
            config.setHostName(host);
            config.setPassword(RedisPassword.of(password));
            config.setPort(port);
            config.setDatabase(database);
            return config;
        }
    }
}

实现到redis的访问连接配置

3,RedisListenerConfig.java

@Configuration
public class RedisListenerConfig {

    //创建两个消息监听器MessageListener
    @Bean
    RedisMessageListenerContainer container(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                            MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
        RedisMessageListenerContainer container = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        container.addMessageListener(listenerAdapter, new PatternTopic(Constants.CHANNEL_GOODS));
        container.addMessageListener(listenerAdapter, new PatternTopic(Constants.CHANNEL_HOME));
        return container;
    }

    //指定接收消息的类名和方法名
    @Bean
    MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(RedisMessageReceiver messageReceiver) {
        System.out.println("listenerAdapter");
        return new MessageListenerAdapter(messageReceiver, "onReceiveMessage");
    }

    //指定StringRedisTemplate的生成
    @Bean
    StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new StringRedisTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }
}

创建RedisMessageListenerContainer，创建两个消息队列的监听

4,RedisMessageReceiver.java

@Component
public class RedisMessageReceiver {
    @Resource
    private LocalCacheService localCacheService;
    //收到消息后进行处理
    public void onReceiveMessage(String message,String channel) {
        message=message.replace("\\\"","\"");
        message=message.replace("\"{","{");
        message=message.replace("}\"","}");

        Msg msg = JSON.parseObject(message, Msg.class);
        System.out.println(channel+":消息："+msg.getMsgType()+";content:"+msg.getContent());
        if (channel.equals(Constants.CHANNEL_GOODS)) {
            if (msg.getMsgType().equals("deleteall")) {
                localCacheService.deleteGoodsCacheAll();
            } else if (msg.getMsgType().equals("delete") || msg.getMsgType().equals("update")) {
                String goodslist = msg.getContent();
                String[] strArr = goodslist.split(",");
                System.out.println(strArr);

                for (int i = 0; i < strArr.length; ++i){
                    Long goodsId = Long.parseLong(strArr[i]);
                    if (msg.getMsgType().equals("update")) {
                        localCacheService.updateGoodsCache(goodsId);
                    } else if (msg.getMsgType().equals("delete")) {
                        localCacheService.deleteGoodsCache(goodsId);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

说明：收到消息后，根据消息内容进行处理，

我们收到的针对商品缓存的消息有三类：deleteall,update,delete

分别调用三个不同的处理方法

5,LocalCacheServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class LocalCacheServiceImpl implements LocalCacheService {

    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate redis1Template;

    //更新缓存
    @CachePut(value = "goods", key="#goodsId")
    @Override
    public Goods updateGoodsCache(Long goodsId){
        System.out.println("get data from redis");
        Goods goodsr = (Goods) redis1Template.opsForValue().get("goods_"+String.valueOf(goodsId));
        return goodsr;
    }

    //删除缓存
    @CacheEvict(value = "goods" ,key = "#goodsId")
    @Override
    public void deleteGoodsCache(Long goodsId) {
        System.out.println("删除缓存 ");
    }

    //清除缓存
    @CacheEvict(value = "goods", allEntries=true)
    @Override
    public void deleteGoodsCacheAll() {
        System.out.println("已删除全部缓存 ");
    }
}

说明：实现了对缓存的处理

6,HomeController.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {
    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate redis1Template;
    @Resource
    private GoodsService goodsService;
    @Resource
    private CacheManager getCacheManager;

    //发清空缓存的消息
    @GetMapping("/deleteall")
    public String deleteall(){
        String ret = "清除缓存的消息已发出";
        //删除id为4的商品的缓存
        Msg msg_del = new Msg();
        msg_del.setMsgType("deleteall");
        msg_del.setContent("");
        redis1Template.convertAndSend("goodsCache",JSON.toJSONString(msg_del));
        return ret;
    }

    //发更新缓存和删除缓存的消息
    @GetMapping("/update")
    public String update(){
           String ret = "";
           int goodsId = 3;
            //更新redis
           System.out.println("get data from redis");
           String key = "goods_"+String.valueOf(goodsId);
           Goods goodsr = (Goods)redis1Template.opsForValue().get(key);
           ret = "更新前:<br/>"+goodsr.toString()+"<br/>";
           String now = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.sss").format(System.currentTimeMillis());
           goodsr.setGoodsName("更新后的商品名，更新时间:"+now);
           redis1Template.opsForValue().set(key,goodsr);
           Goods goodsr2 = (Goods)redis1Template.opsForValue().get(key);
           ret += "更新后:<br/>"+goodsr2.toString()+"<br/>";

            //发布消息，接收者更新本地cache
            Msg msg_up = new Msg();
            msg_up.setMsgType("update");
            msg_up.setContent("3,5");
        redis1Template.convertAndSend("goodsCache",JSON.toJSONString(msg_up));

        //删除id为4的商品的缓存
            Msg msg_del = new Msg();
            msg_del.setMsgType("delete");
            msg_del.setContent("4");
        redis1Template.convertAndSend("goodsCache",JSON.toJSONString(msg_del));
        return ret;
    }

    //商品详情 参数:商品id
    @Cacheable(value = "goods", key="#goodsId",sync = true)
    @GetMapping("/goodsget")
    @ResponseBody
    public Goods goodsInfo(@RequestParam(value="goodsid",required = true,defaultValue = "0") Long goodsId) {
        Goods goods = goodsService.getOneGoodsById(goodsId);
        return goods;
    }

    //统计，如果是生产环境，需要加密才允许访问
    @GetMapping("/stats")
    @ResponseBody
    public Object stats() {
        CaffeineCache caffeine = (CaffeineCache)getCacheManager.getCache("goods");
        Cache goods = caffeine.getNativeCache();
        String statsInfo="cache名字:goods<br/>";
        Long size = goods.estimatedSize();
        statsInfo += "size:"+size+"<br/>";
        ConcurrentMap map= goods.asMap();
        statsInfo += "map keys:<br/>";
        for(Object key : map.keySet()) {
            statsInfo += "key:"+key.toString()+";value:"+map.get(key)+"<br/>";
        }
        statsInfo += "统计信息:"+goods.stats().toString();
        return statsInfo;
    }
}

说明：更新/删除/清空缓存的操作 我们都是通过发送redis消息实现，

在生产环境中，这些功能需要放到管理后台

五，测试效果

1,生成缓存:

分别访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/goodsget?goodsid=3

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/goodsget?goodsid=4

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/goodsget?goodsid=5

使商品id分别为 3/4/5的这三件商品生成caffeine缓存

查看效果:访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/stats

可以看到缓存的数据:

cache名字:goods
size:3
map keys:
key:3;value: Goods:goodsId=3 goodsName=100分电动牙刷 subject=好用到让你爱上刷牙 price=59.00 stock=15
key:4;value: Goods:goodsId=4 goodsName=蜂蜜牛奶手工皂 subject=深入滋养，肌肤细腻嫩滑 price=70.00 stock=33
key:5;value: Goods:goodsId=5 goodsName=紫光筷子筒 subject=紫光智护，干爽防潮更健康 price=189.00 stock=20
统计信息:CacheStats{hitCount=3, missCount=6, loadSuccessCount=6, loadFailureCount=0, totalLoadTime=624491686, evictionCount=3, evictionWeight=3}

2,更新缓存:访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/update

我们在这个update方法中实现了两项功能：

更新了缓存中商品id为3的商品的名字

删除了缓存中商品id为4的对象

查看效果:,访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/stats

返回：

cache名字:goods
size:2
map keys:
key:3;value: Goods:goodsId=3 goodsName=更新后的商品名，更新时间:2020-08-06 15:21:49.049 subject=好用到让你爱上刷牙 price=59.00 stock=15
key:5;value: Goods:goodsId=5 goodsName=紫光筷子筒 subject=紫光智护，干爽防潮更健康 price=189.00 stock=20
统计信息:CacheStats{hitCount=1, missCount=3, loadSuccessCount=3, loadFailureCount=0, totalLoadTime=169516569, evictionCount=0, evictionWeight=0}

可以看到缓存中商品id为3的对象商品名被更新，

商品id为4的对象已被删除

3,清除缓存:

访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/deleteall

查看效果:访问:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/stats

返回：

cache名字:goods
size:0
map keys:
统计信息:CacheStats{hitCount=1, missCount=3, loadSuccessCount=3, loadFailureCount=0, totalLoadTime=169516569, evictionCount=0, evictionWeight=0}

可以看到缓存名为goods的缓存中的对象已被清空

六，查看spring boot版本

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.3.2.RELEASE)