Httpd服务入门知识-Httpd服务常见配置案例之虚拟主机

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

一.虚拟主机实现方案

1>.Apache httpd 有三种实现虚拟主机的方案

　　基于ip:
　　　　为每个虚拟主机准备至少一个ip地址

　　基于port:
　　　　为每个虚拟主机使用至少一个独立的port

　　基于FQDN:
　　　　为每个虚拟主机使用至少一个FQDN

2>.创建测试网页文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/{a,b,c}site

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>www.a.com</h1>" > /var/www/html/asite/index.html

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>www.b.org</h1>" > /var/www/html/bsite/index.html

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>www.c.net</h1>" > /var/www/html/csite/index.html

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/asite/index.html

<h1>www.a.com</h1>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/bsite/index.html

<h1>www.b.org</h1>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/csite/index.html

<h1>www.c.net</h1>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

二.基于不同的IP地址实现虚拟主机配置实战案例

1>.给一块网卡临时配置多个IP地址测试使用

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ifconfig

eth0: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu

        inet 10.0.2.15  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255

        ether :::e0:bb:  txqueuelen   (Ethernet)

        RX packets   bytes  (2.0 KiB)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (1.5 KiB)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

eth1: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu

        inet 172.30.1.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.30.1.255

        ether :::c1:c7:  txqueuelen   (Ethernet)

        RX packets   bytes  (1.6 MiB)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (2.0 MiB)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

lo: flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        loop  txqueuelen   (Local Loopback)

        RX packets   bytes  (15.2 KiB)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (15.2 KiB)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ip addr a 172.30.1.200 dev eth1

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ip addr a 172.30.1.100 dev eth1

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ip a

: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen

    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::

    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen

    link/ether :::e0:bb: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/ brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0

       valid_lft 79421sec preferred_lft 79421sec

: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen

    link/ether :::c1:c7: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 172.30.1.101/ brd 172.30.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet 172.30.1.200/ scope global eth1

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet 172.30.1.100/ scope global eth1

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.编辑httpd的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

Listen

Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

User apache

Group apache

ServerAdmin root@localhost

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

    Require all denied

</Directory>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

<Directory "/var/www">

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<Directory "/var/www/html">

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule dir_module>

    DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

<Files ".ht*">

    Require all denied

</Files>

ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %{%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" testlog

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>

      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

    </IfModule>

    CustomLog "logs/access_log" testlog

</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">

    AllowOverride None

    Options None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>

    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    AddType application/x-compress .Z

    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    AddType text/html .shtml

    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>

    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

EnableSendfile on

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf　　　　　　#查看主配置文件内容

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep ServerRoot

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep IncludeOptional

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualHost.conf

<VirtualHost "172.30.1.100:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/asite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/asite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_asite_log" testlog　　　　　　　　#注意这个testlog变量需要在主配置文件中定义哟~

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "172.30.1.101:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/bsite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/bsite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_bsite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "172.30.1.200:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/csite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/csite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_csite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t

Syntax OK

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl

State       Recv-Q Send-Q             Local Address:Port                            Peer Address:Port

LISTEN      0      128                            *:80                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:22                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                           :::22                                        :::*

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.验证客户端是否可以正常访问

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_asite_log

172.30.1.100 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "curl/7.29.0"

172.30.1.254 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebK

it/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"172.30.1.254 - - 2019-12-09 16:01:24 "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "http://172.30.1.100/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows

 NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_asite_log

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_bsite_log

172.30.1.101 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "curl/7.29.0"

172.30.1.254 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebK

it/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"172.30.1.254 - - 2019-12-09 16:02:25 "-" 408 - "-" "-"

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_bsite_log

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_csite_log

172.30.1.200 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "curl/7.29.0"

172.30.1.254 - - -- :: "GET / HTTP/1.1"   "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebK

it/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"172.30.1.254 - - 2019-12-09 16:01:39 "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "http://172.30.1.200/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows

 NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36"172.30.1.254 - - 2019-12-09 16:02:31 "-" 408 - "-" "-"

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_csite_log

三.基于相同IP地址的不同端口实现虚拟主机配置实战案例

1>.编辑httpd的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

Listen

Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

User apache

Group apache

ServerAdmin root@localhost

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

    Require all denied

</Directory>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

<Directory "/var/www">

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<Directory "/var/www/html">

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule dir_module>

    DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

<Files ".ht*">

    Require all denied

</Files>

ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %{%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" testlog

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>

      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

    </IfModule>

    CustomLog "logs/access_log" testlog

</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">

    AllowOverride None

    Options None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>

    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    AddType application/x-compress .Z

    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    AddType text/html .shtml

    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>

    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

EnableSendfile on

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf　　　　　　#查看主配置文件内容

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep ServerRoot

.ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep IncludeOptional

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualHost.conf

Listen 8080　　　　　　　　　　#注意，千万别忘记监听不同的端口哟~

Listen 8081

Listen 8082

<VirtualHost "*:8080">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/asite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/asite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_asite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "*:8081">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/bsite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/bsite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_bsite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "*:8082">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/csite"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/csite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_csite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t

Syntax OK

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl

State       Recv-Q Send-Q             Local Address:Port                            Peer Address:Port

LISTEN      0      128                            *:8080                                       *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:80                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:8081                                       *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:8082                                       *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:22                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                           :::22                                        :::*

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.验证客户端是否可以正常访问

四.基于FQDN实现虚拟主机配置实战案例

1>.配置hosts文件解析

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# hostname

node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# hostname -i

172.30.1.101

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep 172.30.1.101 /etc/hosts　　　　　　　　　　#添加咱们要配置的虚拟主机FQDN解析，我这里是实验环境添加本地解析即可，生产环境需要添加DNS解析哟~

172.30.1.101 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn www.a.com www.b.org www.c.net

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.a.com

PING node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101) () bytes of data.

 bytes from node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101): icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.011 ms

^C

--- node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ping statistics ---

 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.011/0.011/0.011/0.000 ms

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.a.com

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.b.org

PING node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101) () bytes of data.

 bytes from node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101): icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.010 ms

^C

--- node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ping statistics ---

 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.010/0.010/0.010/0.000 ms

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.b.org

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.c.net

PING node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101) () bytes of data.

 bytes from node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn (172.30.1.101): icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.015 ms

^C

--- node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ping statistics ---

 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.015/0.015/0.015/0.000 ms

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ping www.c.net

2>.修改httpd的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

Listen

Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

User apache

Group apache

ServerAdmin root@localhost

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

    Require all denied

</Directory>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

<Directory "/var/www">

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<Directory "/var/www/html">

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule dir_module>

    DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

<Files ".ht*">

    Require all denied

</Files>

ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %{%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" testlog

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>

      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

    </IfModule>

    CustomLog "logs/access_log" testlog

</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">

    AllowOverride None

    Options None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>

    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    AddType application/x-compress .Z

    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    AddType text/html .shtml

    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>

    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

EnableSendfile on

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf　　　　　　#查看主配置文件内容

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep ServerRoot

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep IncludeOptional

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualHost.conf

<VirtualHost "*:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/asite"

    ServerName "www.a.com"　　　　　　　　#别忘记在这里写上相应的虚拟主机的名称哟~以下配置类似修改即可。

    <Directory "/var/www/html/asite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_asite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "*:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/bsite"

    ServerName "www.b.org"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/bsite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_bsite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost "*:80">

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/csite"

    ServerName "www.c.net"

    <Directory "/var/www/html/csite">

        Require all granted

    </Directory>

    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/access_csite_log" testlog

</VirtualHost>

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t

Syntax OK

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl reload httpd

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl

State       Recv-Q Send-Q             Local Address:Port                            Peer Address:Port

LISTEN      0      128                            *:80                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                            *:22                                         *:*

LISTEN      0      128                           :::22                                        :::*

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.如下图所示，编辑windows系统的本地解析文件("C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts")

4>.验证客户端是否可以正常访问

五.总结

　　上面我们已经演示了基于IP，端口和FQDN来实现虚拟主机的实战案例，接下来我们分析一下这3种方案的区别。

　　　　基于IP:
　　　　　　需要使用多个不同的IP地址实现虚拟主机，无疑是会浪费多余的公网IP地址。
　　
　　　　基于端口:
　　　　　　只需要一个公网IP地址即可，并将多个端口的绑定到同一个IP地址上，相对于基于IP实现的虚拟主机要更加节省IP地址，但会占多个端口号实，从而浪费多余的套接字文件。

　　　　FQDN:
　　　　　　基于FQDN只需要一个IP地址和一段端口即可，所有的虚拟主机只绑定在同一个端口即可，不同的虚拟主机根据客户端的请求报文中的"HOST"参数来判断是要访问哪个虚拟主机。如果客户端不指定"HOST"的属性，而是直接输入的是IP地址，则默认使用虚拟主机配置文件中的第一个虚拟主机来进行响应哟~
　　　　　　基于FQDN实现虚拟主机要比基于IP实现虚拟主机更加节省公网IP地址。
　　　　　　基于FQDN实现虚拟主机要比基于端口实现虚拟主机更加节省公网IP地址的端口数量。

　　综上所述，我们生产环境中实现虚拟主机大多数运维人员都会选用基于FQDN的方案实现。

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