CentOS 6.5上MySQL安装部署与入门。

centos 6.5 yum 安装mysql
1、 安装软件：yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
2、启动服务：service mysqld start

提示信息：

[root@localhost init.d]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

　　

3、控制台登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
输入密码登录
mysql>
查看mysql存储引擎：

mysql> show engines;
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　

查询mysql的数据库：

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　

使用某个数据库：
mysql> use test;
Database changed
查询某个库中所有的表：
show tables;

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
23 rows in set (0.01 sec)

　　

查看某个表的结构：

mysql> describe db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　

添加用户：
授权用户：

查看某个表的状态：
mysql> show table status like 'host'
-> ;
+------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+--------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+--------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| host | MyISAM | 10 | Fixed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110056715893866495 | 2048 | 0 | NULL | 2015-01-06 21:16:23 | 2015-01-06 21:16:23 | NULL | utf8_bin | NULL | | Host privileges; Merged with database privileges |
+------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+--------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show table status like 'host'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: host
Engine: MyISAM
Version: 10
Row_format: Fixed
Rows: 0
Avg_row_length: 0
Data_length: 0
Max_data_length: 110056715893866495
Index_length: 2048
Data_free: 0
Auto_increment: NULL
Create_time: 2015-01-06 21:16:23
Update_time: 2015-01-06 21:16:23
Check_time: NULL
Collation: utf8_bin
Checksum: NULL
Create_options:
Comment: Host privileges; Merged with database privileges
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建表：
create table user_test(id int,sex char(2));#默认使用MyISAM存储引擎。也可以指定存储引擎。
如：
create table user_test(id int,sex char(2))engine=InnoDB;

修改表的存储引擎：
alter table user_test engine=csv;
mysql> alter table user_test engine=csv;
ERROR 1178 (42000): The storage engine for the table doesn't support nullable columns

由错误可得：csv引擎存储的表，列不得为空。

alter table user_test engine=MEMORY;
mysql> alter table user_test engine=MEMORY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
memory存储的表常用作临时表使用。它使用散列索引，所以数据的存取速度非常快。因为是存在于内存中，所以这种类型常应用于临时表中。