实验7：基于REST API的SDN北向应用实践

一、实验目的

1.能够编写程序调用OpenDaylight REST API实现特定网络功能；

2.能够编写程序调用Ryu REST API实现特定网络功能。

二、实验环境

下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware；

在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64，并完整安装Mininet、OpenDaylight（Carbon版本）、Postman和Ryu；

三、实验基本要求

1.OpenDaylight

（1） 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，并连接OpenDaylight

（2） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发指令删除s1上的流表数据。

• delete.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.delete(url, headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

（3） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发硬超时流表，实现拓扑内主机h1和h3网络中断20s。

• put.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1'
    with open("./flowtable.json") as f:
        jstr = f.read()
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.put(url, jstr, headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

• flowtable.json

{
  "flow": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "match": {
        "in-port": "1",
        "ethernet-match": {
          "ethernet-type": {
            "type": "0x0800"
          }
        },
        "ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"
      },
      "instructions": {
        "instruction": [
          {
            "order": "0",
            "apply-actions": {
              "action": [
                {
                  "order": "0",
                  "drop-action": {}
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "flow-name": "flow1",
      "priority": "65535",
      "hard-timeout": "20",
      "cookie": "2",
      "table_id": "0"
    }
  ]
}

（4） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口获取s1上活动的流表数。

• get.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/opendaylight-flow-table-statistics:flow-table-statistics'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.get(url,headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

Ryu操作

（1） 编写Python程序，调用Ryu的北向接口，实现上述OpenDaylight实验拓扑上相同的硬超时流表下发。

• put1.py

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
def http_post(url,jstr):
    url= url
    headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
    resp = requests.post(url,jstr,headers=headers)
    return resp

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url='http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
    with open('flowtable1.json') as f:
        jstr = f.read()
    resp = http_post(url,jstr)
    print (resp.content)

• flowtable1.json

{
    "dpid": 1,
    "cookie": 1,
    "cookie_mask": 1,
    "table_id": 0,
    "hard_timeout": 20,
    "priority": 65535,
    "flags": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port":1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type":"OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
}

（2） 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，要求支持OpenFlow 1.3协议，主机名、交换机名以及端口对应正确。拓扑生成后需连接Ryu，且Ryu应能够提供REST API服务。

（3） 整理一个Shell脚本，参考Ryu REST API的文档，利用curl命令，实现和实验2相同的VLAN。

VLAN_ID	Hosts
0	h1 h3
1	h2 h4

• shell脚本

curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",
            "value": 4096
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",
            "value": 4097
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",
            "value": 4096
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",
            "value": 4097
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",
            "ethertype": 33024
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

四、实验进阶要求

编程实现基本要求第2部分Ryu（3）中的VLAN划分。

删除流表

  curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/clear/1
  curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/clear/2

 #!/usr/bin/python
      import json

      import requests

      if __name__ == "__main__":
          url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
          headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
          flow1 = {
              "dpid": 1,
              "priority": 1,
              "match":{
                  "in_port": 1
              },
              "actions":[
                  {
                      "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "SET_FIELD",
                      "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
                      "value": 4096            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 3
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow2 = {
              "dpid": 1,
              "priority": 1,
              "match":{
                  "in_port": 2
              },
              "actions":[
                  {
                      "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "SET_FIELD",
                      "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
                      "value": 4097            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 3
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow3 = {
              "dpid": 1,
              "priority": 1,
              "match":{
                  "vlan_vid": 0
              },
              "actions":[
                  {
                      "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 1
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow4 = {
              "dpid": 1,
              "priority": 1,
              "match": {
                  "vlan_vid": 1
              },
              "actions": [
                  {
                      "type": "POP_VLAN",  # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024  # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 2
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow5 = {
              "dpid": 2,
              "priority": 1,
              "match": {
                  "in_port": 1
              },
              "actions": [
                  {
                      "type": "PUSH_VLAN",  # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024  # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "SET_FIELD",
                      "field": "vlan_vid",  # Set VLAN ID
                      "value": 4096  # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 3
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow6 = {
              "dpid": 2,
              "priority": 1,
              "match": {
                  "in_port": 2
              },
              "actions": [
                  {
                      "type": "PUSH_VLAN",  # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024  # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "SET_FIELD",
                      "field": "vlan_vid",  # Set VLAN ID
                      "value": 4097  # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 3
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow7 = {
              "dpid": 2,
              "priority": 1,
              "match": {
                  "vlan_vid": 0
              },
              "actions": [
                  {
                      "type": "POP_VLAN",  # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024  # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 1
                  }
              ]
          }
          flow8 = {
              "dpid": 2,
              "priority": 1,
              "match": {
                  "vlan_vid": 0
              },
              "actions": [
                  {
                      "type": "POP_VLAN",  # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
                      "ethertype": 33024  # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
                  },
                  {
                      "type": "OUTPUT",
                      "port": 1
                  }
              ]
          }
          res1 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow1), headers=headers)
          res2 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow2), headers=headers)
          res3 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow3), headers=headers)
          res4 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow4), headers=headers)
          res5 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow5), headers=headers)
          res6 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow6), headers=headers)
          res7 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow7), headers=headers)
          res8 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow8), headers=headers)

五、个人心得

• 这次作业有点难了，留的挺好，下次不许留了（皮一下，嘿嘿嘿，无恶意）
• ODL和Ryu的一些操作指令忘得一干二净了，问题不大。。。。。。翻阅了以前的实验指导复习了一遍
• 自从虚拟机重新装了之后，这个pingall总是连不上我也不清楚是怎么回事，要是运行起来了，就什么也不要碰不管他是怎么运行的，再打开可能就用不了了
• 建议做完每次实验之后把流表删除干净，会影响下次实验
• PS：cur忘记下载了。。。。。。问了同学才发现。。。。