RMAN备份与恢复之数据文件

备份数据文件,模拟磁盘损坏时,还原恢复数据文件.

　首先,查询数据文件序号,备份数据文件,可根据数据文件序号指定备份的数据文件.

SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> select file_name,file_id from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME     FILE_ID
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data2/orcl/users01.dbf    4
/data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf   3
/data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf   2
/data2/orcl/system01.dbf   1

1.1查询数据文件序号

　 备份数据文件,可单个数据文件备份,即镜像备份,如backup as copy datafile 1 ;也可以将多个数据文件作为备份集进行备份: datafile 1,2,3,4

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target sys/Sina.2015

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 11:52:47 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1420421951)

RMAN>  backup as copy datafile 1
2>  format '/data2/backup/df1_%d_%U';

Starting backup at 14-OCT-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=15 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=76 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data2/orcl/system01.dbf
output file name=/data2/backup/df1_ORCL_data_D-ORCL_I-1420421951_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_1vqjmdom tag=TAG20151014T115254 RECID=6 STAMP=893073252
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:26
Finished backup at 14-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_14/o1_mf_s_893073260_c1vnhhjp_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15

RMAN> list copy ;
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================

Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
6       1    A 14-OCT-15       1690358    14-OCT-15
        Name: /data2/backup/df1_ORCL_data_D-ORCL_I-1420421951_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_1vqjmdom
        Tag: TAG20151014T115254

RMAN>  backup datafile 1,2,3,4 format '/data2/backup/df_%d_%T_%U';    

Starting backup at 14-OCT-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data2/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data2/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_22qjme43_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T115858 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_21qjme43_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T115858 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
Finished backup at 14-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_14/o1_mf_s_893073655_c1vnvsmo_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15

1.2备份数据文件

1. 删除数据文件
[root@TEST144239 backup]# su - oracle
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Oct 14 14:48:09 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> ! rm /data2/orcl/users01.dbf

2.查看下是否删除:
[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ ll
总用量 1712960
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9846784 10月 14 14:50 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 10月 12 15:18 control01.ctl.bak
drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall      4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 14 04:00 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 14 11:37 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 14 14:50 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 10月 14 14:50 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 14 14:49 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 10月 14 14:28 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 10月 14 14:50 undotbs01.dbf

2.1试验(删除数据文件)

SQL> startup mount force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes
Fixed Size                  2229584 bytes
Variable Size            1241516720 bytes
Database Buffers          687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers                5844992 bytes
Database mounted.

[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ rman
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 15:51:41 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target sys/Sina.2015@study
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1420421951, not open)

RMAN>  run{
2>   set newname for datafile 4 to '/data2/orcl/user01.dbf';
3>   restore database;
4>   switch datafile all;
5>   recover database;
6>   alter database open;}

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 14-OCT-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=192 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=6 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=67 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /data2/orcl/user01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_22qjme43_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: restoring datafile 00001 to /data2/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: restoring datafile 00003 to /data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_21qjme43_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_22qjme43_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T115858
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:02
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/data2/backup/df_ORCL_20151014_21qjme43_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T115858
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:12
Finished restore at 14-OCT-15

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=893088213 file name=/data2/orcl/user01.dbf

Starting recover at 14-OCT-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16

Finished recover at 14-OCT-15

database opened

SQL>  select file#,name,status from v$datafile where file#=4;

     FILE#            NAME                         STATUS
         4           /data2/orcl/user01.dbf             ONLINE

SQL> select * from scott.dept;

    DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
        10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
        20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
        30 SALES          CHICAGO
        40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

2.2恢复数据文件