Scrapy 框架 中间件 代理IP 提高效率

中间件

• 拦截请求跟响应
• 进行ua(User-Agent ) 伪装 代理 IP

中间件位置:

1. 引擎 和下载器 中间 的中间件 ( 下载中间件)

2. 引擎 跟 spider 中间 的中间件 ( 爬虫中间件)(不常用)

下载中间件中的ua 伪装

• 下载中间件可以拦截调度器发送给下载器的请求。可以将请求的相应信息进行篡改，主要可以通过拦截请求修改请求的ip

• 在settings 中开启下载中间件

  DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
     'postPro.middlewares.PostproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
  }
  
  

• process_request()

• 更改中间件中的 : ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

• 使用 UA 池

      user_agent_list = [
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
      ]
  

  #拦截所有的正常的请求对象
  def process_request(self, request, spider):
      #可以拦截到所有的响应对象
      request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
  

代理IP

• process_exception(self, request,)

  ip列表

      PROXY_http = [
          '153.180.102.104:80',
          '195.208.131.189:56055',
      ]
      PROXY_https = [
          '120.83.49.90:9000',
          '95.189.112.214:35508',
      ]
  

• 使用 ip代理池:

  # request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://ip/port'
  
  # 判断请求协议头
  #拦截的是发生异常的请求对象
  def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
      #设置代理ip
      if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http':
          request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_http)
      else:
          request.meta['proxy'] = 'https://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_https)
  

  • 验证 使用 百度查询 请求ip 地址

提高scrapy 爬取效率

修改的 配置项