RbbitMQ 的 python 实现方法

RbbitMQ（消息队列）

#简单模式
服务端
import pika
#连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))
连接通道
channel = connection.channel()
声明队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
发送数据
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!')

print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
结束连接
connection.close()

# ########################## 客户端 ##########################
 #获得连接对象
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
获得连接通道
channel = connection.channel()
 #声明队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 回调函数
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
 #从通道取出数据执行回调函数
channel.basic_consume( callback,
                       queue='hello',   #队列名
                       no_ack=True)   

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
在通道等待数据传递过来
channel.start_consuming()
#############################防止掉线客户端########################################
#no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
    回调函数中的ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    basic_comsume中的no_ack=False

import pika
#连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='10.211.55.4'))
连接通道
channel = connection.channel()
声明队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    #执行这行代码之后，才把数据销毁
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
获得管道数据执行回调函数
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
等待
channel.start_consuming()

#########################durable ：消息不丢失（服务端）########################################3
import pika
连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
连接通道
channel = connection.channel()
声明队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
push数据
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',    #交换
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      基础属性
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
                          #让消息持久发送
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

##################################消息不丢失（客户端）#############################################）#############################################
import pika
连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
通道
channel = connection.channel()

生成队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    #确认
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
基础消耗方法，执行回调
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
开始消耗
channel.start_consuming()
##################################
(3) 消息获取顺序

默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
################################客户端##################################
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    #确认，
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
#谁来谁取
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

#############exchange模型#############
exchange type = fanout   #交换类型

#############服务端########################
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
声明交流
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
push数据
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',    #交流name
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

########################客户端##################################################
# 消费者
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
声明交流
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')     #订阅
声明队列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
#队列名
queue_name = result.method.queue
与队列捆绑
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)
基本消耗
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)        #保护数据
#消耗通道
channel.start_consuming()

#######################关键字发送#################################
 exchange type = direct
 之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
###########################客户端########################################
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
连接通道
channel = connection.channel()
声明交流
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')    #直接
声明队列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)  就是这个

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
消耗，获取队列信息回调
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)
开始消耗
channel.start_consuming()
#############################
在 topic 类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。

# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
*  表示只能匹配 一个 单词
##############################模糊查找############################################
import pika
import sys
连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
管道
channel = connection.channel()
交流
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')    话题
声明队列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    与队列捆绑
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)   #查找#

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

################################ 基于RabbitMQ的RPC###############
一个客户端向服务器发送请求，服务器端处理请求后，将其处理结果保存在一个存储体中。而客户端为了获得处理结果，那么客户在向服务器发送请求时，同时发送一个回调队列地址reply_to。
###################################服务器####
# 建立连接，服务器地址为localhost，可指定ip地址
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))

# 建立会话
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明RPC请求队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')

# 数据处理方法
def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

# 对RPC请求队列中的请求进行处理
def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
    n = int(body)

    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)

    # 调用数据处理方法
    response = fib(n)

    # 将处理结果(响应)发送到回调队列
    ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
                     routing_key=props.reply_to,
                     properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = \
                                                         props.correlation_id),
                     body=str(response))
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

# 负载均衡，同一时刻发送给该服务器的请求不超过一个
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue')

print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
channel.start_consuming()

##################################################################
import pika
import uuid

class FibonacciRpcClient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        ”“”
        客户端启动时，创建回调队列，会开启会话用于发送RPC请求以及接受响应

        “”“

        # 建立连接，指定服务器的ip地址
        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))

        # 建立一个会话，每个channel代表一个会话任务
        self.channel = self.connection.channel()

        # 声明回调队列，再次声明的原因是，服务器和客户端可能先后开启，该声明是幂等的，多次声明，但只生效一次
        result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        # 将次队列指定为当前客户端的回调队列
        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

        # 客户端订阅回调队列，当回调队列中有响应时，调用`on_response`方法对响应进行处理;
        self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response, no_ack=True,
                                   queue=self.callback_queue)

    # 对回调队列中的响应进行处理的函数
    def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
            self.response = body

    # 发出RPC请求
    def call(self, n):

        # 初始化 response
        self.response = None

        #生成correlation_id
        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())

        # 发送RPC请求内容到RPC请求队列`rpc_queue`，同时发送的还有`reply_to`和`correlation_id`
        self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                                   routing_key='rpc_queue',
                                   properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                                         reply_to = self.callback_queue,
                                         correlation_id = self.corr_id,
                                         ),
                                   body=str(n))

        while self.response is None:
            self.connection.process_data_events()
        return int(self.response)

# 建立客户端
fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()

# 发送RPC请求
print(" [x] Requesting fib(30)")
response = fibonacci_rpc.call(30)
print(" [.] Got %r" % response)