ca认证（https）

证书签名过程：

1、网页服务器生成证书请求文件；

2、认证中心确认申请者的身份真实性；

3、认证中心使用根证书的私钥加密证书请求文件，生成证书；

4、把证书传给申请者。

一、实验环境

node1　　192.168.40.132　　CA认证中心（也要给自己颁发根证书）

node2　　192.168.40.211　　网页服务器

由于没有真实域名，所以自己搭建一个CA认证中心，实际只要去申请一个就好了。

[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qf `which openssl`
openssl-1.0.2k-.el7.x86_64  //openssl一般默认安装的
[root@node1 ~]#  vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
basicConstraints=CA:TRUE　　//第172行，让当前服务器成为CA认证中心
[root@node1 ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca　 //新的CAche证书
CA certificate filename (or enter to create)   //证书文件名，可以直接回车
Making CA certificate ...
Generating a  bit RSA private key
...................+++
.+++
writing new private key to '/etc/pki/CA/private/./cakey.pem'
Enter PEM pass phrase:  //保护私钥的密码，123456
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: //重复密码，123456
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name ( letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing  //地区
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:haidian  //城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:test  //组织名称，公司
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT  //部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:test.cn  //通用名，名字或服务器主机名等
Email Address []: //邮箱

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request  //添加一个额外属性，让客户端发送CA证书请求文件时，要输入的密码
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/./cakey.pem:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            fe:b3::2e:3c:0e:ce:d2
        Validity
            Not Before: Oct  ::  GMT
            Not After : Oct  ::  GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = beijing
            organizationName          = test
            organizationalUnitName    = IT
            commonName                = test.cn
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                :E7:F4:D2:AD:::E0::FB::8E:3F:8B:::3B:FE:CB:
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid::E7:F4:D2:AD:::E0::FB::8E:3F:8B:::3B:FE:CB:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:TRUE
Certificate is to be certified until Oct  ::  GMT ( days)
Write out database with  new entries
Data Base Updated  //搭建完成
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
。。。。。省略
说明：/etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newcert|-newreq|-newreq-nodes|-newca|-sign|-verify

　　　　-newcert　　新证书
　　　　-newreq　　新请求
　　　　-newreq-nodes　　新请求节点
　　　　-newca　　新的CA证书
　　　　-sign　　签证
　　　　-verify　　验证

二.Apache实现https  

备一个httpd，需要包含ssl模块

[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install  httpd  mod_ssl

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 192.168.5.102:　　//第95行
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service
[root@node2 ~]firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=/tcp

[root@node2 ~]firewall-cmd --reload

生成证书请求文件，并发给CA认证中心node1

//-des3使用des3加密算法；-out输出到指定地址

[root@node2 ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key
Generating RSA private key,  bit long modulus
Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:  　//输入保护私钥的密码，123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:  //重复密码
[root@node2 ~]#  openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key  -out  /server.csr   // CSR  证书请求文件
Generating RSA private key,  bit long modulus
...........................................................................................................................................................+++
....................................................................................................................+++
e is  (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:
[root@node2 ~]#  openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /server.csr
Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key: //输入保护私钥的密码（/etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key的），123456
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
//通用名不能和CA一样，一般写域

Country Name ( letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:haidian
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:test
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:test.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

[root@node2 ~]# scp /server.csr 192.168.40.132:/
root@192.168.40.132's password:
server.csr 
CAche认证中心进行签名，再回传

[root@node1 ~]#  openssl ca -keyfile /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem  -cert   /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -in /server.csr  -out /server.crt  //CRT 证书文件，可以是PEM格式
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            fe:b3:47:2e:3c:0e:ce:d3
        Validity
            Not Before: Oct 14 12:52:55 2019 GMT
            Not After : Oct 13 12:52:55 2020 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = beijing
            organizationName          = test
            organizationalUnitName    = IT
            commonName                = test.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:TRUE
            Netscape Comment:
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                2E:AA:92:E4:F1:05:74:55:E6:3A:B9:83:FC:4B:64:05:D4:A8:24:DC
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:69:E7:F4:D2:AD:56:53:E0:37:FB:37:8E:3F:8B:23:23:3B:FE:CB:45
Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 12:52:55 2020 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@node1 ~]# scp /server.crt 192.168.40.211:/  //回传给服务器
The authenticity of host '192.168.40.211 (192.168.40.211)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:pNJw/K2ipf4PO9OZtkTmisNZ+ctpN02yRIMxTvNGlrA.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:42:0a:fb:3f:74:1f:12:fc:f1:6a:20:00:43:0a:0f:c3.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.40.211' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.40.211's password:
server.crt                                                   100% 4424     3.4MB/s   00:00
配置Apache加载证书文件
[root@node2 ~]# cp /server.crt /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt　　//第100行，签名证书
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key　　/第107行，私钥

[root@node2 ~]#systemctl restart httpd
Enter SSL pass phrase for 192.168.40.211:443 (RSA) : ******  //123456
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install net-tools.x86_64
[root@node2 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 443
tcp6       0      0 :::443                  :::*                    LISTEN      1279/httpd
[root@node2 ~]firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp
[root@node2 ~]firewall-cmd --reload

三.nginx实现https

[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
    listen  ssl;
    keepalive_timeout ;
    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1. TLSv1.;　　#SSL支持的版本
    ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5;
    ssl_certificate /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
}   
注意：粘贴会有空格。  
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t Enter PEM pass phrase:
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node2 ~]# nginx
Enter PEM pass phrase:
[root@node2 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 443
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1461/nginx: master

推荐链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wangquannetwork/article/details/46147319