Linux如何查找大文件或目录总结及在全部目录中查找

在Windows系统中，我们可以使用TreeSize工具查找一些大文件或文件夹，非常的方便高效，在Linux系统中，如何去搜索一些比较大的文件呢？下面我整理了一下在Linux系统中如何查找大文件或文件夹的方法。

1： 如何查找大文件？

其实很多时候，你需要了解当前系统下有哪些大文件，比如文件大小超过100M或1G（阀值视具体情况而定）。那么如何把这些大文件搜索出来呢？例如我要搜索当前目录下，超过800M大小的文件

[root@getlnx01 u03]# pwd

/u03

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

如上命令所示，我们仅仅能看到超过800M大小的文件的文件名称，但是对文件的信息（例如，文件大小、文件属性）一无所知，那么能否更详细显示一些文件属性或信息呢，当然可以，如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar  6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar  6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar  6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar  6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar  6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar  6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar  6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar  6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar  6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar  6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar  6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar  6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar  6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar  6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr  1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

当我们只需要查找超过800M大小文件，并显示查找出来文件的具体大小，可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

如果你还需要对查找结果按照文件大小做一个排序，那么可以使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

不过如上截图所示，有时候排列的顺序并不完全是按大小一致，这个是因为du命令的参数h所致，你可以统一使用使用MB来显示，这样就能解决这个问题。到这里，这个在Linux系统查找大文件的命令已经非常完美了，当然如果你还有很多的需求，那么可以在这个命令上做修改、调整.

2: 如何查找Linux下的大目录

譬如有时候磁盘空间告警了，而你平时又疏于管理、监控文件的增长，那么我需要快速的了解哪些目录变得比较大，那么此时我们可以借助du命令来帮我们解决这个问题。

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=1

16K     ./lost+found

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

70G     .

如果你想知道flash_recovery_area目录下面有哪些大文件夹，那么可以将参数max-depth=2 ，如果你想对搜索出来的结果进行排序，那么可以借助于sort命令。如下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n

3.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

16K     ./lost+found

29G     ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

37G     ./oradata/epps

70G     .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

1       ./lost+found

3527    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

29544   ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33070   ./flash_recovery_area

37705   ./oradata

37705   ./oradata/epps

70775   .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# cd /

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有时候搜索出来的结果太多了（譬如，我从根目录开始搜索），一直在刷屏，如果我只想查出最大的12个文件夹，怎么办呢？此时就要借助head命令来显示了

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12

407480  .

167880  ./u04

158685  ./u02/oradata

158685  ./u02

152118  ./u04/oradata

70775   ./u03

37705   ./u03/oradata

33070   ./u03/flash_recovery_area

5995    ./u01/app

5995    ./u01

3551    ./usr

1558    ./usr/share

[root@getlnx01 /]# 

参考资料：

http://linuxandfriends.com/how-to-find-large-files-in-linux-using-command-line/

http://www.docin.com/p-563963500.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/4391859.html

 

当Linux 进行查找时，对某些目录的访问可能没有权限而无法进行访问，打印出很多错误消息

1、root目录文件内容

-bash-3.2$ ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  bea  Desktop  lib  wls1036_generic.jar

2、查找.log结尾的文件，

-bash-3.2$ find . -name "*.log"
find: ./.gconfd: 权限不够
find: ./.gnome2: 权限不够
find: ./.gnome2_private: 权限不够
find: ./.Trash: 权限不够
find: ./.java: 权限不够
find: ./.tuscany: 权限不够
find: ./.eggcups: 权限不够
find: ./.chewing: 权限不够
find: ./.mozilla/firefox: 权限不够
find: ./.scim: 权限不够
find: ./.metacity: 权限不够
find: ./.gconf: 权限不够
find: ./.nautilus/metafiles: 权限不够

这时系统语言使用中文反而有问题，很奇怪
-bash-3.2$ echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-8

临时改为英文

-bash-3.2$ export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
-bash-3.2$ echo  $LANG
en_US.UTF-8

然后再查找
-bash-3.2$ find . -name "*.log"
find: ./.gconfd: Permission denied
find: ./.gnome2: Permission denied
find: ./.gnome2_private: Permission denied
find: ./.Trash: Permission denied
find: ./.java: Permission denied
find: ./.tuscany: Permission denied
find: ./.eggcups: Permission denied
find: ./.chewing: Permission denied
find: ./.mozilla/firefox: Permission denied
find: ./.scim: Permission denied
find: ./.metacity: Permission denied
find: ./.gconf: Permission denied
find: ./.nautilus/metafiles: Permission denied

3、将错误输出到/dev/null装置上，错误信息消失
-bash-3.2$ find . -name "*.log" 2>/dev/null
-bash-3.2$ find . -name "*.cfg" 2>/dev/null
./anaconda-ks.cfg

http://blog.csdn.net/hongweigg/article/details/37818697

直接利用grep可以在当前目录及其所有子目录中查找文件吗:

# cd /root
# grep -rl "work" *

EXAMPLES
       find /tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs /bin/rm -f

       Find files named core in or below the directory /tmp and delete them.  Note that this will work incorrectly if there are any filenames containing newlines, single or  double
       quotes, or spaces.

       find /tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs - /bin/rm -f

       Find  files  named  core  in or below the directory /tmp and delete them, processing filenames in such a way that file or directory names containing single or double quotes,
       spaces or newlines are correctly handled.  The -name test comes before the -type test in order to avoid having to call stat() on every file.

       find . -type f -exec file '{}' \;

       Runs ‘file’ on every file in or below the current directory.  Notice that the braces are enclosed in single quote marks to protect them from interpretation as  shell  script
       punctuation.  The semicolon is similarly protected by the use of a backslash, though single quotes could have been used in that case also.

       find / \( -perm - -fprintf /root/suid.txt '%#m %u %p\n' \) , \
       \( -size +100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '%-10s %p\n' \)

       Traverse the filesystem just once, listing setuid files and directories into /root/suid.txt and large files into /root/big.txt.

       find $HOME -mtime 

       Search  for files in your home directory which have been modified in the last twenty-four hours.  This command works this way because the time since each file was last modi-
       fied is divided by  hours and any remainder is discarded.  That means that to match -mtime , a file will have to have a modification in the past which  is  less  than
       hours ago.

       find /sbin /usr/sbin -executable \! -readable -print

       Search for files which are executable but not readable.

       find . -perm 

       Search  for files which have read and write permission for their owner, and group, but which other users can read but not write to.  Files which meet these criteria but have
       other permissions bits set (for example if someone can execute the file) will not be matched.

       find . -perm -

       Search for files which have read and write permission for their owner and group, and which other users can read, without regard to the presence of any extra permission  bits
       (for example the executable bit).  This will match a file which has mode , for example.

       find . -perm /

       Search for files which are writable by somebody (their owner, or their group, or anybody else).

       find . -perm /
       find . -perm /u+w,g+w
       find . -perm /u=w,g=w

       All three of these commands do the same thing, but the first one uses the octal representation of the file mode, and the other two use the symbolic form.  These commands all
       search for files which are writable by either their owner or their group.  The files don’t have to be writable by both the owner and group to be matched; either will do.

       find . -perm -
       find . -perm -g+w,u+w

       Both these commands do the same thing; search for files which are writable by both their owner and their group.

       find . -perm - -perm / ! -perm /
       find . -perm -a+r -perm /a+w ! -perm /a+x

       These two commands both search for files that are readable for everybody ( -perm - or -perm -a+r), have at least one write bit set ( -perm / or -perm /a+w) but are not
       executable for anybody ( ! -perm / and ! -perm /a+x respectively).

       cd /source-dir
       find . -name .snapshot -prune -o \( \! -name *~ -print0 \)|
       cpio -pmd0 /dest-dir

       This  command  copies  the  contents of /source-dir to /dest-dir, but omits files and directories named .snapshot (and anything in them).  It also omits files or directories
       whose name ends in ~, but not their contents.  The construct -prune -o \( ... -print0 \) is quite common.  The idea here is that the expression before -prune matches  things
       which  are  to be pruned.  However, the -prune action itself returns true, so the following -o ensures that the right hand side is evaluated only for those directories which
       didn’t get pruned (the contents of the pruned directories are not even visited, so their contents are irrelevant).  The expression on the right hand side of  the  -o  is  in
       parentheses  only  for clarity.  It emphasises that the -print0 action takes place only for things that didn’t have -prune applied to them.  Because the default ‘and’ condi-
       tion between tests binds more tightly than -o, this is the default anyway, but the parentheses help to show what is going on.

       find repo/ -exec test -d {}/.svn -o -d {}/.git -o -d {}/CVS ; \
       -print -prune

       Given the following directory of projects and their associated SCM administrative directories, perform an efficient search for the projects’ roots:

       repo/project1/CVS
       repo/gnu/project2/.svn
       repo/gnu/project3/.svn
       repo/gnu/project3/src/.svn
       repo/project4/.git

       In this example, -prune prevents unnecessary descent into directories that have already been discovered (for example we do not search project3/src because we  already  found
       project3/.svn), but ensures sibling directories (project2 and project3) are found.

EXIT STATUS
       find exits with status  if all files are processed successfully, greater than  if errors occur.   This is deliberately a very broad description, but if the return value is
       non-zero, you should not rely on the correctness of the results of find.