tomcat结合nginx或apache做负载均衡及session绑定

1、tomcat结合nginx做负载均衡，session绑定

nginx：192.168.223.136   tomcat：192.168.223.146：8081，192.168.223.146：8082这里使用tomcat的多实例做示例

upstream backserver {
　　server 192.168.223.146:8081 weight=1;
　　server 192.168.223.146:8082 weight=1;
}

location / {
　　root html;
　　index index.html index.htm;
　　proxy_pass http://backserver/;
}

负载均衡已实现，现在进行session会话绑定：

upstream backserver {
　　ip_hash;
　　server 192.168.223.146:8081 weight=1;
　　server 192.168.223.146:8082 weight=1;
}

然后不管怎么访问，源ip相同的都会被派往后端的同一台tomcat实例

2、tomcat结合apache做负载均衡，session绑定（apache与tomcat基于http协议）

httpd2.4以上版本，编译安装192.168.223.136，tomcat还是多实例192.168.223.146：8081，192.168.223.146：8082

httpd配置：vhosts.conf

<proxy balancer://lbcluster>
　　BalancerMember http://192.168.223.146:8081 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat1     这里route对应后端tomcat的配置文件的engine设置：<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
　　BalancerMember http://192.168.223.146:8082 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat2
</proxy>

<VirtualHost *:80>
　　ServerName 192.168.223.136
　　proxyVia On
　　ProxyRequests Off
　　ProxyPreserveHost On
　　<Proxy *>
　　　　Require all granted
　　</Proxy>
　　ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/
　　ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/
　　<Location />
　　　　Require all granted
　　</Location>
</VirtualHost>

配置之后一直不见出现80端口，查看error日志：

[root@node1 ~]# tail -f /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/error_log
[Wed Aug 09 13:41:53.523457 2017] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 85758] AH00169: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Thu Aug 10 09:54:14.263767 2017] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 88118] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Thu Aug 10 09:54:14.263926 2017] [:emerg] [pid 88118] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
[Thu Aug 10 09:54:26.284340 2017] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 88123] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Thu Aug 10 09:54:26.284427 2017] [:emerg] [pid 88123] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
[Thu Aug 10 09:55:07.894942 2017] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 88135] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Thu Aug 10 09:55:07.895056 2017] [:emerg] [pid 88135] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
[Thu Aug 10 09:57:00.483255 2017] [proxy:crit] [pid 88148] AH02432: Cannot find LB Method: byrequests
[Thu Aug 10 09:57:00.483388 2017] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 88148] (22)Invalid argument: AH01183: Cannot share balancer
[Thu Aug 10 09:57:00.483420 2017] [:emerg] [pid 88148] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting

根据错误提示，在配置文件中开启相应的模块：

LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so

LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

解决完后，开启服务后访问网站：

负载均衡已成功实现，现在将session会话进行绑定：

Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
<proxy balancer://lbcluster>
　　BalancerMember http://192.168.223.146:8081 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat1
　　BalancerMember http://192.168.223.146:8082 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat2
　　ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</proxy>

<VirtualHost *:80>
　　ServerName 192.168.223.136
　　proxyVia On
　　ProxyRequests Off
　　ProxyPreserveHost On
　　<Proxy *>
　　　　Require all granted
　　</Proxy>
　　ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/
　　ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/
　　<Location />
　　　　Require all granted
　　</Location>
</VirtualHost>

proxyVia On：

3、tomcat结合apache做负载均衡，session绑定（apache与tomcat基于ajp协议）

只需要将上面的配置文件修改为ajp协议就行，这里省略

4、tomcat结合apache做负载均衡，session绑定（apache与tomcat基于mod_jk模块）

　　1、编译安装mod_jk模块

　　wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src.tar.gz

　　cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src/native

　　./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apxs

　　make && make install

2、配置相应的文件

　　cat mod_jk.conf

　　LoadModule  jk_module  modules/mod_jk.so

　　JkWorkersFile  conf/extra/workers.properties

　　JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log

　　JkLogLevel debug

　　JkMount /*  tomcat1

　　JkMount  /status/  stat1

　　3、workers.properties

　　cat workers.properties

　　worker.list=tomcat1,stat1

　　worker.tomcat1.port=8009

　　worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.1.155

　　worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13

　　worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1

　　worker.stat1.type = status

但是检查语法时一直报错：

[root@wadeson conf]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -t
AH00526: Syntax error on line 1 of /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/workers.properties:
Invalid command 'worker.list=tomcat1,stat1', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration

httpd2.4编译加载mod_jk模块设置配置文件一直报错，没有找到相应的解决办法

然后换成了centos7的yum安装的httpd2.4以上版本，192.168.223.147

　　wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src.tar.gz

　　cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src/native

　　./configure --with-apxs=/usr/bin/apxs

　　make && make install

[root@wadeson conf.d]# cat mod_jk.conf
　　LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
　　JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
　　JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
　　JkLogLevel debug
　　JkMount /* tomcat1              这里的tomcat1要和后端tomcat的配置jvmRoute值相同<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
　　JkMount /status/ stat1
[root@wadeson conf.d]# cat workers.properties
　　worker.list=tomcat1,stat1
　　worker.tomcat1.port=8010
　　worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.223.146
　　worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
　　worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1
　　worker.stat1.type = status

配置都是一模一样，centos7自带的httpd就没有报错，编译安装就一直报错，于是采用centos7进行操作

基于模块mod_jk的反向代理已经成功，于是进行负载均衡：

[root@wadeson conf.d]# cat mod_jk.conf
　　LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
　　JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
　　JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
　　JkLogLevel debug
　　JkMount /* lbcluster1
　　JkMount /status/ stat1

[root@wadeson conf.d]# cat workers.properties
　　worker.list=lbcluster1,stat1
　　worker.tomcat1.port=8010
　　worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.223.146
　　worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
　　worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1
　　worker.tomcat2.port=8011
　　worker.tomcat2.host=192.168.223.146
　　worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
　　worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1
　　worker.lbcluster1.type=lb
　　worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session=0
　　worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers = tomcat1,tomcat2
　　worker.stat1.type = status

访问网站效果：

现在将负载均衡效果进行session会话绑定：

[root@wadeson conf.d]# cat workers.properties
　　worker.list=lbcluster1,stat1
　　worker.tomcat1.port=8010
　　worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.223.146
　　worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
　　worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1
　　worker.tomcat2.port=8011
　　worker.tomcat2.host=192.168.223.146
　　worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
　　worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1
　　worker.lbcluster1.type=lb
　　worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session=1     只需将这里的值将0变为1即可绑定session会话
　　worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers = tomcat1,tomcat2
　　worker.stat1.type = status

综上，httpd在编译安装2.4结合mod_jk模块遇到不可知的错误，更换centos7自带的2.4以上版本的yum包成功解决该错误