shell之cut和tr 的命令的使用

[root@data-1-3 ~]# head /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

##########################例子############################

-d 指定分割符

-f 要显示的段

[root@data-1-3 ~]# cut -d : -f1 /etc/passwd

root

bin

daemon

adm

lp

sync

shutdown

halt

mail

uucp

operator

games

gopher

ftp

nobody

vcsa

saslauth

postfix

sshd

nginx

ntp

apache

[root@data-1-3 ~]# cut -d : -f1,3 /etc/passwd             显示1和3段

root:0

bin:1

daemon:2

adm:3

lp:4

sync:5

shutdown:6

halt:7

mail:8

uucp:10

operator:11

games:12

gopher:13

ftp:14

nobody:99

vcsa:69

saslauth:499

postfix:89

sshd:74

nginx:498

ntp:38

apache:48

[root@data-1-3 ~]# cut -d : -f1-3 /etc/passwd   显示1到3段

root:x:0

bin:x:1

daemon:x:2

adm:x:3

lp:x:4

sync:x:5

shutdown:x:6

halt:x:7

mail:x:8

uucp:x:10

operator:x:11

games:x:12

gopher:x:13

ftp:x:14

nobody:x:99

vcsa:x:69

saslauth:x:499

postfix:x:89

sshd:x:74

nginx:x:498

ntp:x:38

apache:x:48

 

####################################tr的使用########################

字符处理命令：tr —— 转换或删除字符

tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]

      -d: 删除出现在字符集中的所有字符

例子：将/etc/passwd 的所有字母换成大写

[root@data-1-3 scripts]# tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < /etc/passwd

ROOT:X:0:0:ROOT:/ROOT:/BIN/BASH

BIN:X:1:1:BIN:/BIN:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

DAEMON:X:2:2:DAEMON:/SBIN:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

ADM:X:3:4:ADM:/VAR/ADM:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

LP:X:4:7:LP:/VAR/SPOOL/LPD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

SYNC:X:5:0:SYNC:/SBIN:/BIN/SYNC

SHUTDOWN:X:6:0:SHUTDOWN:/SBIN:/SBIN/SHUTDOWN

HALT:X:7:0:HALT:/SBIN:/SBIN/HALT

MAIL:X:8:12:MAIL:/VAR/SPOOL/MAIL:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

UUCP:X:10:14:UUCP:/VAR/SPOOL/UUCP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

OPERATOR:X:11:0:OPERATOR:/ROOT:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

GAMES:X:12:100:GAMES:/USR/GAMES:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

GOPHER:X:13:30:GOPHER:/VAR/GOPHER:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

FTP:X:14:50:FTP USER:/VAR/FTP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

NOBODY:X:99:99:NOBODY:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

VCSA:X:69:69:VIRTUAL CONSOLE MEMORY OWNER:/DEV:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

SASLAUTH:X:499:76:SASLAUTHD USER:/VAR/EMPTY/SASLAUTH:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

POSTFIX:X:89:89::/VAR/SPOOL/POSTFIX:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

SSHD:X:74:74:PRIVILEGE-SEPARATED SSH:/VAR/EMPTY/SSHD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

NGINX:X:498:498::/HOME/NGINX:/BIN/BASH

NTP:X:38:38::/ETC/NTP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

APACHE:X:48:48:APACHE:/VAR/WWW:/SBIN/NOLOGIN

FUSH:X:500:500::/HOME/FUSH:/BIN/BASH

[root@data-1-3 scripts]# tr ':' '#' < /etc/passwd

root#x#0#0#root#/root#/bin/bash

bin#x#1#1#bin#/bin#/sbin/nologin

daemon#x#2#2#daemon#/sbin#/sbin/nologin

adm#x#3#4#adm#/var/adm#/sbin/nologin

lp#x#4#7#lp#/var/spool/lpd#/sbin/nologin

sync#x#5#0#sync#/sbin#/bin/sync

shutdown#x#6#0#shutdown#/sbin#/sbin/shutdown

halt#x#7#0#halt#/sbin#/sbin/halt

mail#x#8#12#mail#/var/spool/mail#/sbin/nologin

uucp#x#10#14#uucp#/var/spool/uucp#/sbin/nologin

operator#x#11#0#operator#/root#/sbin/nologin

games#x#12#100#games#/usr/games#/sbin/nologin

gopher#x#13#30#gopher#/var/gopher#/sbin/nologin

ftp#x#14#50#FTP User#/var/ftp#/sbin/nologin

nobody#x#99#99#Nobody#/#/sbin/nologin

vcsa#x#69#69#virtual console memory owner#/dev#/sbin/nologin

saslauth#x#499#76#Saslauthd user#/var/empty/saslauth#/sbin/nologin

postfix#x#89#89##/var/spool/postfix#/sbin/nologin

sshd#x#74#74#Privilege-separated SSH#/var/empty/sshd#/sbin/nologin

nginx#x#498#498##/home/nginx#/bin/bash

ntp#x#38#38##/etc/ntp#/sbin/nologin

apache#x#48#48#Apache#/var/www#/sbin/nologin

fush#x#500#500##/home/fush#/bin/bash

##################################################

-d 删除

[root@data-1-3 scripts]# tr -d 'o' < /etc/passwd

rt:x:0:0:rt:/rt:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nlgin

daemn:x:2:2:daemn:/sbin:/sbin/nlgin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nlgin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spl/lpd:/sbin/nlgin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdwn:x:6:0:shutdwn:/sbin:/sbin/shutdwn

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spl/mail:/sbin/nlgin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spl/uucp:/sbin/nlgin

peratr:x:11:0:peratr:/rt:/sbin/nlgin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nlgin

gpher:x:13:30:gpher:/var/gpher:/sbin/nlgin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nlgin

nbdy:x:99:99:Nbdy:/:/sbin/nlgin

vcsa:x:69:69:virtual cnsle memry wner:/dev:/sbin/nlgin

saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nlgin

pstfix:x:89:89::/var/spl/pstfix:/sbin/nlgin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nlgin

nginx:x:498:498::/hme/nginx:/bin/bash

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nlgin

apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nlgin

fush:x:500:500::/hme/fush:/bin/bash