inline namespace

　　无意中看到C++11中的新特性inline namespace, 先附上官方的解释

Inline namespace

The inline namespace mechanism is intended to support library evolution by providing a mechanism that support a form of versioning. Consider:

// file V99.h:
inline namespace V99 {
　　void f(int);    // does something better than the V98 version
　　void f(double);    // new feature
   　　// ...
}

// file V98.h:
namespace V98 {
    void f(int);    // does something
    // ...
}

// file Mine.h:
namespace Mine {
    #include "V99.h"
    #include "V98.h"
}

We here have a namespace Mine with both the latest release (V99) and the previous one (V98). If you want to be specific, you can:

#include "Mine.h"
using namespace Mine;
// ...
V98::f();    // old version
V99::f();    // new version
f();        // default version

The point is that the inline specifier makes the declarations from the nested namespace appear exactly as if they had been declared in the enclosing namespace.

This is a very ``static'' and implementer-oriented facility in that the inline specifier has to be placed by the designer of the namespaces -- thus making the choice for all users. It is not possible for a user of Mine to say ``I want the default to be V98 rather than V99.''

　　上面的说法大概可以这么理解，当你需要管理多个版本的类库的时候，可以用inline修饰namespace，来达到指定默认版本的目的，例如在以上的例子中 inline namespace V99 在编译的过程中会直接将里面的代码展开，就像如下的表示方式：

namespace Mine {
　　void f(int); // does something better than the V98 version
　　void f(double); // new feature // ...
 
　　// file V98.h:
　　namespace V98 {
　　　　void f(int); // does something
　　　　// ...
　　}
}

　　所以V99里面的方法就相当于默认的方法一样，当我们不指定命名空间直接调用 f(1);  时，就是默认调用V99里面的f();而且这个默认是我们无法去改变的，也就是说我们想调用V98里面的f()，就必须写成这样V98::f(1); 。