[转]Using Angular in Visual Studio Code

本文转自：https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/nodejs/angular-tutorial

Using Angular in Visual Studio Code

Angular is a popular JavaScript library for building web application user interfaces developed by Google. The Visual Studio Code editor supports Angular IntelliSense and code navigation out of the box.

Welcome to Angular

We'll be using the Angular CLI for this tutorial. To install and use the command line interface as well as run the Angular application server, you'll need the Node.js JavaScript runtime and npm (the Node.js package manager) installed. npm is included with Node.js which you can install from here.

Tip: To test that you have Node.js and npm correctly installed on your machine, you can type node --version and npm --version.

To install the Angular CLI, in a terminal or command prompt type:

npm install -g @angular/cli

This may take a few minutes to install. You can now create a new Angular application by typing:

ng new my-app

my-app is the name of the folder for your application. This may take a few minutes to create the Angular application in TypeScript and install its dependencies.

Let's quickly run our Angular application by navigating to the new folder and typing ng serve to start the web server and open the application in a browser:

cd my-app
ng serve

You should see "Welcome to app!!" on http://localhost:4200 in your browser. We'll leave the web server running while we look at the application with VS Code.

To open your Angular application in VS Code, open another terminal (or command prompt) and navigate to the my-app folder and type code .:

cd my-app
code .

Syntax highlighting and bracket matching

Now expand the src\app folder and select the app.component.ts file. You'll notice that VS Code has syntax highlighting for the various source code elements and, if you put the cursor on a parentheses, the matching bracket is also selected.

IntelliSense

As you hover your mouse over text in the file, you'll see that VS Code gives you information about key items in your source code. Items such as variables, classes and Angular decorators are a few examples where you'll be presented with this information.

As you start typing in app.component.ts, you'll see smart suggestions and code snippets.

You can click the information button (i) to see a flyout with more documentation.

VS Code uses the TypeScript language service for code intelligence (IntelliSense) and it has a feature called Automatic Type Acquisition (ATA). ATA pulls down the npm Type Declaration files (*.d.ts) for the npm modules referenced in the package.json.

Go to Definition, Peek definition

Through the TypeScript language service, VS Code can also provide type definition information in the editor through Go to Definition (F12) or Peek Definition (Ctrl+Shift+F12). Open the app.module.tsfile and put the cursor over AppComponent in the bootstrap property declaration, right click and select Peek Definition. A Peek window will open showing the AppComponent definition from app.component.ts.

Press Escape to close the Peek window.

Hello World!

Let's update the sample application to "Hello World". Go back to the app.component.ts file and change the title string in AppComponent to "Hello World".

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'Hello World';
}

Once you save the app.component.ts file, the running instance of the server will update the web page and you'll see "Welcome to Hello World!!".

Tip: VS Code supports Auto Save, which by default saves your files after a delay. Check the Auto Save option in the File menu to turn on Auto Save or directly configure the files.autoSave user setting.

Debugging Angular

To debug the client side Angular code, we'll need to install the Debugger for Chrome extension.

Note: This tutorial assumes you have the Chrome browser installed. The builders of the Debugger for Chrome extension also have versions for the Safari on iOS and Edge browsers.

Open the Extensions view (Ctrl+Shift+X) and type 'chrome` in the search box. You'll see several extensions which reference Chrome.

Press the Install button for Debugger for Chrome. The button will change to Installing then, after completing the installation, it will change to Reload. Press Reload to restart VS Code and activate the extension.

Set a breakpoint

To set a breakpoint in app.component.ts, click on the gutter to the left of the line numbers. This will set a breakpoint which will be visible as a red circle.

Configure the Chrome debugger

We need to initially configure the debugger. To do so, go to the Debug view (Ctrl+Shift+D) and click on gear button to create a launch.json debugger configuration file. Choose Chrome from the Select Environment dropdown. This will create a launch.json file in a new .vscode folder in your project which includes a configuration to launch the website.

We need to make one change for our example: change the port of the url from 8080 to 4200. Your launch.json should look like this:

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "type": "chrome",
            "request": "launch",
            "name": "Launch Chrome against localhost",
            "url": "http://localhost:4200",
            "webRoot": "${workspaceFolder}"
        }
    ]
}

Press F5 or the green arrow to launch the debugger and open a new browser instance. The source code where the breakpoint is set runs on startup before the debugger was attached so we won't hit the breakpoint until we refresh the web page. Refresh the page and you should hit your breakpoint.

You can step through your source code (F10), inspect variables such as AppComponent, and see the call stack of the client side Angular application.

The Debugger for Chrome extension README has lots of information on other configurations, working with sourcemaps, and troubleshooting. You can review it directly within VS Code from the Extensions view by clicking on the extension item and opening the Details view.

Popular Starter Kits

In this tutorial, we used the Angular CLI to create a simple Angular application. There are lots of great samples and starter kits available to help build your first Angular application.

Recipes

The VS Code team has created recipes for more complex debugging scenarios. There you'll find the Chrome Debugging with Angular CLI recipe which also uses the Angular CLI and goes into detail on debugging the generated project's unit tests.

MEAN Starter

If you'd like to see a full MEAN (MongoDB, Express, Angular, Node.js) stack example, look at MEAN.IO. They have documentation and an application generator for a sample MEAN project. You'll need to install and start MongoDB, but you'll quickly have a MEAN application running. VS Code also has great MongoDB support through the Azure Cosmos DB extension.

React

React is another popular web framework. If you'd like to see an example of React working with VS Code, check out the Using React in VS Code tutorial. It will walk you through creating an React application and configuring the launch.json file for the Debugger for Chrome extension.

Angular Extensions

In addition to the functionality VS Code provides out of the box, you can install VS Code extensions for greater functionality.

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Essential extensions for Angular developers

 

 

Click on an extension tile above to read the description and reviews on the Marketplace.

To find other Angular extensions, open the Extensions view (Ctrl+Shift+X) and type 'angular' to see a filtered list of Angular extensions.

The community has also created "Extension Packs" which bundle useful extensions together (for example, a linter, debugger, and snippets) into a single download. To see available Angular extension packs, add the "extension packs" category to your filter (angular @category:"extension packs").