16 搭建Spring Data JPA的开发环境

使用Spring Data JPA，需要整合Spring与Spring Data JPA，并且需要提供JPA的服务提供者hibernate，所以需要导入spring相关坐标，hibernate坐标，数据库驱动坐标等

<properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

           <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

</dependencies>

整合Spring Data JPA与Spring整合

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task-4.1"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!-- 1.dataSource 配置数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" />
        <property name="user" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="root" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.oracle.entity" />
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" />
        </property>

        <!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>

        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3.事务管理器-->
    <!-- JPA事务管理器  -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 整合spring data jpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.oracle.dao"
        transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
        entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
        
    <!-- 4.txAdvice-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- 5.aop-->
    <aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.oracle.service.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
    </aop:config>

    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.oracle"></context:component-scan>

    <!--组装其它 配置文件-->

</beans>

映射实体类

package cn.oracle.entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 *
 *      * 所有的注解都是使用JPA的规范提供的注解，
 *      * 所以在导入注解包的时候，一定要导入javax.persistence下的
 */
@Entity //声明实体类
@Table(name="customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系
@Data
public class Customer {

    @Id//声明当前私有属性为主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略
    @Column(name="cid") //指定和表中cid字段的映射关系
    private Long cId;

    @Column(name="cname") //指定和表中cname字段的映射关系
    private String cName;

    @Column(name="source")//指定和表中source字段的映射关系
    private String source;

    @Column(name="industry")//指定和表中industry字段的映射关系
    private String industry;

    @Column(name="level")//指定和表中level字段的映射关系
    private String level;

    @Column(name="address")//指定和表中address字段的映射关系
    private String address;

    @Column(name="phone")//指定和表中phone字段的映射关系
    private String phone;
}

编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口

Spring Data JPA是spring提供的一款对于数据访问层（Dao层）的框架，使用Spring Data JPA，只需要按照框架的规范提供dao接口，不需要实现类就可以完成数据库的增删改查、分页查询等方法的定义，极大的简化了我们的开发过程。

在Spring Data JPA中，对于定义符合规范的Dao层接口，我们只需要遵循以下几点就可以了：

1.创建一个Dao层接口，并实现JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor

2.提供相应的泛型

package cn.oracle.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

import cn.oracle.entity.Customer;

/**
 * JpaRepository<实体类类型，主键类型>：用来完成基本CRUD操作
 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<实体类类型>：用于复杂查询（分页等查询操作）
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}

这样我们就定义好了一个符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口

基本CRUD操作

完成了Spring Data JPA的环境搭建，并且编写了符合Spring Data JPA 规范的Dao层接口之后，就可以使用定义好的Dao层接口进行客户的基本CRUD操作

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath*:*applicationContext.xml")
public class CustomerDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    /**
     * 保存客户：调用save(obj)方法
     */
    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        Customer c = new Customer();
        c.setCName("张三");
        customerDao.save(c);
    }

    /**
     * 修改客户：调用save(obj)方法
     *      对于save方法的解释：如果执行此方法是对象中存在id属性，即为更新操作会先根据id查询，再更新
     *                      如果执行此方法中对象中不存在id属性，即为保存操作
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void testUpdate() {
        //根据id查询id为1的客户
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l);
        //修改客户名称
        customer.setCustName("张三");
        //更新
        customerDao.save(customer);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id删除：调用delete(id)方法
     */
    @Test
    public void testDelete() {
        customerDao.delete(1l);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询：调用findOne(id)方法
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindById() {
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
}