6.3 Working with Normally Distributed Variables As illustrated in the previous example, the 68.26-95.44-99.74 rule allows us to obtain useful information about a normally distributed variable quickly and easily Experience has shown that the 68.26-95.…
w https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey's_theorem https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/拉姆齐定理 在组合数学上,拉姆齐(Ramsey)定理,又称拉姆齐二染色定理,是要解决以下的问题:要找这样一个最小的数n,使得n个人中必定有 k 个人相识或 l 个人互不相识. 这个定理以弗兰克·普伦普顿·拉姆齐命名,1930年他在论文On a Problem in Formal Logic(<形式逻辑上的一个问题>)证明了R(3,3)=6…
大数定律 Law of large numbers (LLN) 虽然名字是 Law,但其实是严格证明过的 Theorem weak law of large number (Khinchin's law) The weak law of large numbers: the sample average converges in probability to the expected value $\bar{X_n}=\frac{1}{n}(X_1+ \cdots +X_n) \overset{…