c/c++ 线性表之顺序表

线性表之顺序表

存储在连续的内存空间，和数组一样。

下面的代码，最开始定义了一个能存8个元素的顺序表，当超过8个元素的时候，会再追加开辟空间（函数：reInit）。

实现了以下功能：

函数	功能描述
push_back	从最后插入
push_front	从最前插入
show_list	打印出顺序表里的元素
pop_back	从最后删除
pop_front	从最前删除
insert_pos	从指定位置插入
find	查找指定的元素，返回其在顺序表中的下标
length	返回顺序表的长度
delete_pos	从指定位置删除
delete_val	删除指定的值的元素
sort1	按升序排序
sort2	按降序排序
resver	反转顺序表中的元素
clear	清除顺序表中的元素
destroy	释放顺序表所占用的内存空间

SeqList.h

#ifndef __SEQLIST__
#define __SEQLIST__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define SEQLIST_INIT_SIZE 8
typedef int ElemType;

typedef struct SeqList{
  int cap;//顺序表所能容纳的最大元素数量
  int size;//当前顺序表中元素的数量
  ElemType *base;//指向顺序表开始位置的指针
}SeqList;

void init(SeqList*);
void push_back(SeqList*, ElemType);
void show_list(SeqList*);
void push_front(SeqList*, ElemType);
void pop_back(SeqList*);
void pop_front(SeqList*);
void insert_pos(SeqList*, ElemType, int);
int find(SeqList*, ElemType);
int length(SeqList*);
void delete_pos(SeqList*, int);
void delete_val(SeqList*, int);
void sort1(SeqList*);
void sort2(SeqList*);
void resver(SeqList*);
void clear(SeqList*);
void destroy(SeqList*);
#endif

SeqList.c

#include "SeqList.h"

bool reInit(SeqList* seq){
  //容量已满，所以重新开辟空间
  ElemType* newp = (ElemType*)realloc(seq->base,(seq->size+1)*sizeof(ElemType));
  if(NULL == newp){
    return true;
  }
  //如果重新开辟的空间的地址和原来空间的地址不相同
  //就需要把原来内存空间里的值，复制到新的内存空间中。
  if(seq->base != newp){
    memmove(seq->base, newp, sizeof(ElemType)*seq->size);
    seq->base = newp;
  }
  seq->cap++;
  return false;
}
void init(SeqList* seq){
  //开辟能容纳8个元素的内存空间
  seq->base = (ElemType*)malloc(sizeof(ElemType) * SEQLIST_INIT_SIZE);
  assert(NULL != seq->base);
  seq->cap = SEQLIST_INIT_SIZE;
  seq->size = 0;
}
void push_back(SeqList* seq, ElemType x){
  if(seq->size >= seq->cap && reInit(seq)){
    printf("线性表已满\n");
    return;
  }
  seq->base[seq->size] = x;
  seq->size++;
}
void push_front(SeqList* seq, ElemType x){
  if(seq->size >= seq->cap && reInit(seq)){
    printf("线性表已满\n");
    return;
  }
  //往后移动一个元素的距离
  memmove(seq->base+1, seq->base,seq->size * sizeof(ElemType));
  seq->base[0] = x;
  seq->size++;
}
void pop_back(SeqList* seq){
  if(seq->size <= 0){
    printf("线性表以空\n");
    return;
  }
  seq->size--;
}
void pop_front(SeqList* seq){
  if(seq->size <= 0){
    printf("线性表以空\n");
    return;
  }
  //往前移动一个元素的距离
  memmove(seq->base, seq->base+1,seq->size * sizeof(ElemType));
  seq->size--;
}
void insert_pos(SeqList* seq, ElemType x, int index){
  if(seq->size >= seq->cap && reInit(seq)){
    printf("线性表已满\n");
    return;
  }
  if(index < 0 || index > seq->size){
    printf("given index is error\n");
    return;
  }
  //在指定的位置往后移动一个元素的距离
  memmove(seq->base+index+1,seq->base+index,(seq->size-index)*sizeof(ElemType));
  seq->base[index] = x;
  seq->size++;
}
int find(SeqList* seq, ElemType x){
  for(int i = 0; i < seq->size; ++i){
    if(x == seq->base[i]){
      return i;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}
int length(SeqList* seq){
  return seq->size;
}
void delete_pos(SeqList* seq, int index){
  if(seq->size <= 0){
    printf("线性表以空\n");
    return;
  }
  if(index < 0 || index > seq->size - 1){
    printf("given index is error\n");
    return;
  }
  //在指定的位置往前移动一个元素的距离
  memmove(seq->base+index,seq->base+index+1,(seq->size-index-1)*sizeof(ElemType));
  seq->size--;
}
void delete_val(SeqList* seq, int value){
  int pos = find(seq, value);
  if(pos == -1){
    printf("The enter value is not exist");
    return;
  }
  delete_pos(seq, pos);

}
void sort1(SeqList* seq){
  for(int i = 0; i < seq->size-1; ++i){
    for(int j = 0; j < seq->size-i-1; ++j){
      if(seq->base[j] > seq->base[j+1]){
	ElemType tmp = seq->base[j];
	seq->base[j] = seq->base[j+1];
	seq->base[j+1] = tmp;
      }
    }
  }
}
void sort2(SeqList* seq){
  for(int i = 0; i < seq->size-1; ++i){
    for(int j = 0; j < seq->size-1-i; ++j){
      if(seq->base[j] < seq->base[j+1]){
	seq->base[j] = seq->base[j] + seq->base[j+1];
	seq->base[j+1] = seq->base[j] - seq->base[j+1];
	seq->base[j] = seq->base[j] - seq->base[j+1];
      }
    }
  }
}
void resver(SeqList* seq){
  //如果seq->size是偶数就会被整除，如果是奇数就会舍掉小数位，不进1
  for(int i = 0; i < seq->size / 2; ++i){
    ElemType tmp = seq->base[i];
    seq->base[i] = seq->base[seq->size-i-1];
    seq->base[seq->size-i-1] = tmp;
  }
}
void clear(SeqList* seq){
  seq->size = 0;
}
void destroy(SeqList* seq){
  free(seq->base);
  seq->base = NULL;
  seq->cap = 0;
  seq->size = 0;
}
void show_list(SeqList* seq){
  for(int i = 0; i < seq->size; ++i){
    printf("%d ", seq->base[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
}

SeqListMain.c

#include "SeqList.h"

int main(){
  SeqList list;
  init(&list);
  int select = 1;
  ElemType item;
  int index;
  while(select){
    printf("*****************************************\n");
    printf("*** [1]   push_back   [2]  push_front ***\n");
    printf("*** [3]   show_list   [4]  pop_back   ***\n");
    printf("*** [5]   pop_front   [6]  insert_pos ***\n");
    printf("*** [7]   find        [8]  length     ***\n");
    printf("*** [9]   delete_pos  [10] delete_val ***\n");
    printf("*** [11]  sort1       [12] resver     ***\n");
    printf("*** [13]  clear       [14*] destroy    ***\n");
    printf("*** [0]   quit        [15] sort2      ***\n");
    printf("*****************************************\n");
    printf("请选择:>");
    scanf("%d", &select);
    if(0 == select)
      break;
    switch(select){
    case 1:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据,以-1结束>\n");
      while(scanf("%d",&item),item != -1){
	push_back(&list, item);
      }
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 2:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据,以-1结束>\n");
      while(scanf("%d",&item),item != -1){
	push_front(&list, item);
      }
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 3:
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 4:
      pop_back(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 5:
      pop_front(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 6:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据>\n");
      scanf("%d",&item);
      printf("请输入要插入的index>\n");
      scanf("%d",&index);
      insert_pos(&list, item, index);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 7:
      printf("please enter what you shoule find out>\n");
      scanf("%d",&item);
      index = find(&list, item);
      if(index == -1){
	printf("can not find %d \n", item);
      }else{
	printf("find %d at position %d\n", item, index);
      }
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 8:
      printf("length is %d\n", length(&list));
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 9:
      printf("please enter the index that you shoule delete>\n");
      scanf("%d", &index);
      delete_pos(&list, index);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 10:
      printf("please enter the value what you shoule delete >\n");
      scanf("%d", &item);
      delete_val(&list, item);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 11:
      sort1(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 12:
      resver(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 13:
      clear(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    case 15:
      sort2(&list);
      show_list(&list);
      break;
    default:
      printf("输入的选择错误，请重新选择\n");
      break;
    }
  }
  destroy(&list);
}