python读取excel，数字都是浮点型，日期格式是数字的解决办法

excel文件内容：

读取excel：

# coding=utf-8
import xlrd
import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import traceback

class excelHandle:
    def decode(self, filename, sheetname):
        try:
            filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
            sheetname = sheetname.decode('utf-8')
        except Exception:
            print traceback.print_exc()
        return filename, sheetname

    def read_excel(self, filename, sheetname):
        filename, sheetname = self.decode(filename, sheetname)
        rbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
        sheet = rbook.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        rows = sheet.nrows
        cols = sheet.ncols
        all_content = []
        for i in range(rows):
            row_content = []
            for j in range(cols):
                cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j)
                row_content.append(cell)
            all_content.append(row_content)
            print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']'
        return all_content

if __name__ == '__main__':
    eh = excelHandle()
    filename = r'G:\test\ctype.xls'
    sheetname = 'Sheet1'
    eh.read_excel(filename, sheetname)

输出：

['整形','175.0']
['字符串','最后的骑士']
['浮点型','6.23']
['日期','42909.6461574']
['空值','']
['布尔型','']

可以看到，数字一律按浮点型输出，日期却输出成一串小数？！布尔型输出0或1

代码稍做改动：来看一看表格的数据类型

        for i in range(rows):
            row_content = []
            for j in range(cols):
                ctype = sheet.cell(i, j).ctype #表格的数据类型
                print ctype,
                cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j)
                row_content.append(cell)
            all_content.append(row_content)
            print
            print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']'

输出：

1 2
['整形','175.0']
1 1
['字符串','最后的骑士']
1 2
['浮点型','6.23']
1 3
['日期','42909.6461574']
1 0
['空值','']
1 4
['布尔型','']

python读取excel中单元格的内容返回的有5种类型，即上面例子中的ctype:

ctype： 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error

所以，判断一下ctype，然后再做相应处理就可以了。

最终代码：

# coding=utf-8
import xlrd
import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import traceback
from datetime import datetime
from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple

class excelHandle:
    def decode(self, filename, sheetname):
        try:
            filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
            sheetname = sheetname.decode('utf-8')
        except Exception:
            print traceback.print_exc()
        return filename, sheetname

    def read_excel(self, filename, sheetname):
        filename, sheetname = self.decode(filename, sheetname)
        rbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
        sheet = rbook.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        rows = sheet.nrows
        cols = sheet.ncols
        all_content = []
        for i in range(rows):
            row_content = []
            for j in range(cols):
                ctype = sheet.cell(i, j).ctype  # 表格的数据类型
                cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j)
                if ctype == 2 and cell % 1 == 0:  # 如果是整形
                    cell = int(cell)
                elif ctype == 3:
                    # 转成datetime对象
                    date = datetime(*xldate_as_tuple(cell, 0))
                    cell = date.strftime('%Y/%d/%m %H:%M:%S')
                elif ctype == 4:
                    cell = True if cell == 1 else False
                row_content.append(cell)
            all_content.append(row_content)
            print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']'
        return all_content

if __name__ == '__main__':
    eh = excelHandle()
    filename = r'G:\test\ctype.xls'
    sheetname = 'Sheet1'
    eh.read_excel(filename, sheetname)

输出：

['整形','']
['字符串','最后的骑士']
['浮点型','6.23']
['日期','2017/23/06 15:30:28']
['空值','']
['布尔型','True']

更多操作excel可参考：http://www.2cto.com/kf/201501/373655.html