Given a rooted binary tree, return the lowest common ancestor of its deepest leaves.

Recall that:

  • The node of a binary tree is a leaf if and only if it has no children
  • The depth of the root of the tree is 0, and if the depth of a node is d, the depth of each of its children is d+1.
  • The lowest common ancestor of a set Sof nodes is the node A with the largest depth such that every node in S is in the subtree with root A.

Example 1:

Input: root = [1,2,3]
Output: [1,2,3]
Explanation:
The deepest leaves are the nodes with values 2 and 3.
The lowest common ancestor of these leaves is the node with value 1.
The answer returned is a TreeNode object (not an array) with serialization "[1,2,3]".

Example 2:

Input: root = [1,2,3,4]
Output: [4]

Example 3:

Input: root = [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: [2,4,5]

Constraints:

  • The given tree will have between 1 and 1000 nodes.
  • Each node of the tree will have a distinct value between 1 and 1000.

这道题让我们求一棵二叉树中最深叶结点的最小公共父结点 Lowest Common Ancestor,在 LeetCode 中,有两道关于 LCA 的题,分别是 [Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree](http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4641968.html) 和 [Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree](http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4640572.html),但是显然这道题要更加的复杂一些,因为最深的叶结点的个数不确定,可能会有1个,2个,甚至多个,那么其最小公共父节点的位置也就有多种可能的位置。对于二叉树的问题,刷题老司机们应该都知道,十有八九都是用递归来做,这道题也不例外。在毫无头绪的时候,就先从最简单的情况开始分析吧,假如 root 为空,则直接返回 nullptr,假如 root 没有子结点,其本身就是最深叶结点,返回 root。若 root 有左右子结点,说明左右子树存在,通常情况下我们会对左右子结点调用递归,那么返回的就是左右子树分别的最深叶结点的最小公共父节点,但是问题来了,就算分别知道了左右子树的最深结点的 LCA,怎么推出当前树的 LCA?若左子树的最深叶结点的深度更深,则应该返回左子树的 LCA,若右子树的最深叶结点的深度更深,则应该返回右子树的 LCA,若二者一样深,则要返回当前结点。这样的话,对于每个结点 node,必须要分别知道其左右子树的最深叶结点的深度才行,可以使用一个 getDepth 函数来求任意结点到叶结点的最大深度,叶结点本身的深度为0。有了这个函数,就可以对当前结点的左右子结点计算深度,若深度相同,则返回当前结点,否则对深度大的子结点调用递归,怎么隐约感觉有些二分搜索法的影子在里面,参见代码如下:


解法一:

class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* lcaDeepestLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root) return nullptr;
int left = getDepth(root->left), right = getDepth(root->right);
if (left == right) return root;
return (left > right) ? lcaDeepestLeaves(root->left) : lcaDeepestLeaves(root->right);
}
int getDepth(TreeNode* node) {
if (!node) return 0;
return 1 + max(getDepth(node->left), getDepth(node->right));
}
};

由于计算深度的函数 getDepth 存在大量的重复计算,可以使用一个 HashMap 来保存已经算过深度的结点,这样再次遇到的时候,直接从 HashMap 中取值即可,可以使计算效率更高一些,参见代码如下:


解法二:

class Solution {
public:
unordered_map<TreeNode*, int> m;
TreeNode* lcaDeepestLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root) return nullptr;
int left = getDepth(root->left, m), right = getDepth(root->right, m);
if (left == right) return root;
return (left > right) ? lcaDeepestLeaves(root->left) : lcaDeepestLeaves(root->right);
}
int getDepth(TreeNode* node, unordered_map<TreeNode*, int>& m) {
if (!node) return 0;
if (m.count(node)) return m[node];
return m[node] = 1 + max(getDepth(node->left, m), getDepth(node->right, m));
}
};

我们也可以把计算 LCA 和深度放到一个子函数中,让子函数 helper 既返回以当前结点为根结点的子树的最深叶结点的 LCA,又返回当前结点的深度。在递归函数 helper 中,首先判空,若为空,则返回由 nullptr 和0组成的 pair 对儿。否则分别对左右子结点调用递归函数,若左结点的深度大,则返回左子结点和左子结点深度加1组成的 pair 对儿;若右子结点的深度大,则返回右子结点和右子结点深度加1组成的 pair 对儿;剩下的情况就是左右子结点的深度相同,返回当前结点和左子结点深度加1组成的 pair 对儿即可,参见代码如下:


解法三:

class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* lcaDeepestLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
return helper(root).first;
}
pair<TreeNode*, int> helper(TreeNode* node) {
if (!node) return {nullptr, 0};
auto left = helper(node->left), right = helper(node->right);
if (left.second > right.second) return {left.first, left.second + 1};
if (left.second < right.second) return {right.first, right.second + 1};
return {node, left.second + 1};
}
};

再来看一种很类似的写法,这里用了两个全局变量,全局最深叶结点的最小公共父节点 res,以及全局的最大深度 deepest。跟上面的解法思路很类似,也是在递归函数 helper 中既算 lCA 又算深度,同时还要更新全局的 res 和 deepest。递归函数还需要一个参数 cur,用来保存当前结点的深度,首先用 cur 来更新最大深度 deepest,再判空,若 node 为空,直接返回 cur。再对左右子结点调用递归函数,假如此时左右子结点返回的深度都等于最大深度 deepest,说明当前结点 node 就是要求的 LCA,赋值给结果 res,然后返回 left 和 right 中的较大值,就是当前结点 node 的深度,参见代码如下:


解法四:

class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* lcaDeepestLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
TreeNode *res;
int deepest = 0;
helper(root, 0, deepest, res);
return res;
}
int helper(TreeNode* node, int cur, int& deepest, TreeNode*& res) {
deepest = max(deepest, cur);
if (!node) return cur;
int left = helper(node->left, cur + 1, deepest, res);
int right = helper(node->right, cur + 1, deepest, res);
if (left == deepest && right == deepest) {
res = node;
}
return max(left, right);
}
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1123

类似题目:

Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree

Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-deepest-leaves/

https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-deepest-leaves/discuss/334583/Java-O(n)-Short-and-Simple-Recursion

https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-deepest-leaves/discuss/334577/JavaC%2B%2BPython-Two-Recursive-Solution

[LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)](https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4606334.html)

[LeetCode] 1123. Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves 最深叶结点的最小公共父节点的更多相关文章

  1. LeetCode 1123. Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves

    原题链接在这里:https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-deepest-leaves/ 题目: Given a rooted b ...

  2. 【leetcode】1123. Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves

    题目如下: Given a rooted binary tree, return the lowest common ancestor of its deepest leaves. Recall th ...

  3. 1123. Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves

    link to problem Description: Given a rooted binary tree, return the lowest common ancestor of its de ...

  4. Leetcode之深度优先搜索(DFS)专题-1123. 最深叶节点的最近公共祖先(Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves)

    Leetcode之深度优先搜索(DFS)专题-1123. 最深叶节点的最近公共祖先(Lowest Common Ancestor of Deepest Leaves) 深度优先搜索的解题详细介绍,点击 ...

  5. [LeetCode] 235. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 二叉搜索树的最近公共祖先

    Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BS ...

  6. [LeetCode] 236. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 二叉树的最近公共祖先

    Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree. According ...

  7. leetcode@ [236] Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree(Tree)

    https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-a-binary-tree/ Given a binary tree, find the ...

  8. LeetCode 235. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree (二叉搜索树最近的共同祖先)

    Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BS ...

  9. [LeetCode] 236. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 二叉树的最小共同父节点

    Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree. According ...

随机推荐

  1. Jms规范学习

    1.什么是消息中间件? 关注于数据的发送和接受,利用高效可靠的异步消息传递机制集成分布式系统. 2.什么是JMS? Java消息服务(java Message Service)即JMS,是一个java ...

  2. php 5.5 编译安装

    链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Iy5kdugWqmvtsrYG0WYAdA 提取码:knk9 上面的链接 php5.5.8 编译安装的包 ./configure  --pre ...

  3. Elasticsearch 使用 php curl 插入数据

    <?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: func7 * Date: 2018/11/8 * Time: 11:24 */ set_time_limit( ...

  4. C typedef、#define

    参考链接:https://www.runoob.com/cprogramming/c-typedef.html 作用 typedef是用来为数据类型(可以是各种数据类型,包括自己定义的数据类型如结构体 ...

  5. PyTestReport 自动化报告

    安装 pip install PyTestReport pytest框架执行命令 pytest.main(["-s", "test_login.py", &qu ...

  6. Python requests库的使用(二)

    1.请求异常处理 请求异常类型: 请求超时处理(timeout): 实现代码: import requestsfrom requests import exceptions        #引入exc ...

  7. JMeter之Http协议接口性能测试--基础

    一.不同角色眼中的接口 1.1,开发人员眼中的接口    1.2,测试人员眼中的接口 二.Http协议基本介绍 2.1,常见的接口协议 1.:2. :3. :4.:5.: 6. 2.2,Http协议栈 ...

  8. C#.net模拟提交表单POST

    方法一.System.Net.WebClient WebClientObj        = new System.Net.WebClient();   System.Collections.Spec ...

  9. 原生js与jquery加载页面元素比较

    原生js:将获取元素的语句写到页面头部,会因为元素还没有加载而出错,js提供了window.onload 这个方法事先加载元素 <script type="text/javascrip ...

  10. Vue Stomp+SocketJS 数据报错[Object object]

    开头一句mmp tmd换位置了也没个提示!!!! 坑死爹了 <template> <div> <input type="text" v-model=& ...