验证码破解 | Selenium模拟登录知乎

import requests
import re
import execjs
import time
import hmac
from hashlib import sha1

class Zhihu(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password):

        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.session = requests.session()
        self.headers = {
            'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36',
            'x-zse-83': '3_1.1'
        }

    def login(self):

        # 请求login_url,udid_url,captcha_url加载所需要的cookie
        login_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=/'
        resp = self.session.get(login_url, headers=self.headers)
        print("请求{}，响应状态码:{}".format(login_url, resp.status_code))
        # print(self.session.cookies.get_dict())
        # self.save_file('login',resp.text)

        udid_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/udid'
        resp = self.session.post(udid_url, headers=self.headers)
        print("请求{}，响应状态码:{}".format(udid_url, resp.status_code))
        # print(self.session.cookies.get_dict())

        captcha_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=en'
        resp = self.session.get(captcha_url, headers=self.headers)
        print("请求{}，响应状态码:{}".format(captcha_url, resp.status_code))
        # print(self.session.cookies.get_dict())
        # print(resp.text)
        # self.save_file('captcha',resp.text)

        # 校验是否需要验证吗，需要则直接退出，还没遇到过需要验证码的
        if re.search('true', resp.text):
            print('需要验证码')
            exit()

        # 获取signature参数
        self.time_str = str(int(time.time() * 1000))
        signature = self.get_signature()
        # print(signature)

        # 拼接需要加密的字符串
        string = "client_id=c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20&grant_type=password&timestamp={}&source=com.zhihu.web&signature={}&username={}&password={}&captcha=&lang=en&ref_source=homepage&utm_source=".format(
            self.time_str, signature, self.username, self.password)
        # print(string)
        # 加密字符串
        encrypt_string = self.encrypt(string)
        # print(encrypt_string)

        # post请求登陆接口
        post_url = "https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/sign_in"
        resp = self.session.post(post_url, data=encrypt_string, headers=self.headers)
        print("请求{}，响应状态码:{}".format(post_url, resp.status_code))
        print(self.session.cookies.get_dict())
        # print(resp.text)
        # self.save_file('post', resp.text)

        # 校验是否登陆成功
        if re.search('user_id', resp.text):
            print('登陆成功')
            return {
                'status': 1,
                'content': self.session.cookies.get_dict()
            }
        else:
            print("登陆失败")
            return {
                'status': 2,
                'content': "登陆失败"
            }

    def test(self):

        # 请求个人信息接口查看个人信息
        me_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/me'
        data = {
            'include': 'ad_type;available_message_types,default_notifications_count,follow_notifications_count,vote_thank_notifications_count,messages_count;draft_count;following_question_count;account_status,is_bind_phone,is_force_renamed,email,renamed_fullname;ad_type'
        }
        resp = self.session.get(me_url, data=data, headers=self.headers)
        print("请求{}，响应状态码:{}".format(me_url, resp.status_code))
        print(resp.text)
        return resp.status_code
        # self.save_file('me',resp.text)

    def encrypt(self, string):
        with open('zhihu.js', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            js = f.read()
        result = execjs.compile(js).call('encrypt', string)
        return result

    def get_signature(self):

        h = hmac.new(key='d1b964811afb40118a12068ff74a12f4'.encode('utf-8'), digestmod=sha1)
        grant_type = 'password'
        client_id = 'c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20'
        source = 'com.zhihu.web'
        now = self.time_str
        h.update((grant_type + client_id + source + now).encode('utf-8'))
        return h.hexdigest()

    def save_file(self, name, html):

        with open('{}.html'.format(name), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(html)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    account = Zhihu(username, password)
    account.login()
    account.test()