基于Nginx的https服务

1、HTTPS协议的实现

1、为什么需要HTTPS？

原因：HTTP不安全

• 1、传输数据被中间人盗用、信息泄露
• 2、数据内容劫持、篡改

对传输内容进行加密以及身份验证

2、对称加密

非对称加密

3、HTTPS加密协议原理

4、中间人伪造客户端和服务端

证书是在客户端的，进行校验。

2、生成密钥和CA证书

#openssl version

OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013

#nginx-v

-with-http_ssl_module

步骤一、生成key密钥

[root@web-01 ssl_key]# openssl genrsa -idea -out lewen.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
......................................++++++
..............................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for lewen.key:                #密码要写.或者不写
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for lewen.key:

步骤二、生成证书签名请求文件（csr文件）

[root@web-01 ssl_key]# openssl req -new -key lewen.key -out lewen.csr
Enter pass phrase for lewen.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:SZ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:futian
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:fadewalk
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:fadewalk.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:fadewalk.com
Email Address []:fadewalk@163.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:        #没有要求就为空
An optional company name []:
[root@web-01 ssl_key]# ls
lewen.csr lewen.key

步骤三、生成证书签名文件（CA文件）

[root@web-01 ssl_key]# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in lewen.csr -signkey lewen.key -out lewen.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=SZ/L=futian/O=fadewalk/OU=fadewalk.com/CN=fadewalk.com/emailAddress=fadewalk@163.com
Getting Private key
Enter pass phrase for lewen.key:
[root@web-01 ssl_key]# ls
lewen.crt lewen.csr lewen.key

3、Nginx的HTTPS语法配置

  例子
  server {
        listen              443 ssl;
        keepalive_timeout   70;

        ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers         AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5;
        ssl_certificate     /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.key;
        ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:10m;
        ssl_session_timeout 10m;

        ...
    }

[root@web-01 ~]# nginx -s reload

nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /etc/nginx/conf.d/cp4/test_https.conf:4

key设置了密码，每次重启都要输入密码很麻烦

4、场景-配置苹果要求的证书

a、服务器所有的连接使用TLS1.2以上版本（openssl 1.0.2）

b、HTTPS证书必须使用SHA 256以上哈希算法签名

C、HTTPS证书必须使用RSA 2048位或ECC256位以上公钥算法

d、使用前向加密技术

查看证书信息

[root@web-01 ssl_key]# openssl x509 -noout -text -in ./lewen_apple.crt

一键生成证书

[root@web-01 ssl_key]# openssl req -days 3650 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout lewen.key -out lewen_apple.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................................................................+++
..+++
writing new private key to 'lewen.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:sz
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:fadewlak
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
Email Address []:
[root@web-01 ssl_key]# ls
lewen_apple.crt  lewen.key

nginx 1.15 以后开启ssl的正确姿势

2019/06/17 17:06:54 [warn] 36807#36807: the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /etc/nginx/conf.d/cp4/test_https.conf:4
不推荐使用“ssl”指令，而是在/etc/nginx/conf.d/cp4/test_https中使用“listen ... ssl”指令。CONF：4
ssl on 这种方式开启ssl已经不行了
listen 443 ssl     采用这种

测试网页自己生成的证书，会被提示不安全

去掉之前分步生成输入的保护码

openssl rsa -in ./lewen.key -out ./lewen_nopassword.key

5、HTTPS服务优化

方法一、激活keepalive长连接

方法二、设置ssl session缓存

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name web01.fadewalk.com;
    # ssl on;  nginx 1.15之后这样配置无效

    keepalive_timeout 100;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/lewen_apple.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/lewen.key;
    #ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/lewen_nopass.key;

    location / {
        root  /opt/app/code/cp4/code;
        index lewen.html lewen.htm;
    }
}