gradle打包android （实现外部导入签名文件、多渠道打包、导入ant脚本）

近期一直在做android自己主动打包，之前已经完毕了用纯命令行的形式打包、原生态ant脚本打包。和基于android的SDK的打包。而且实现了多渠道打包，后来同事推荐了gradle,网上的资料说gradle各种好，自己也感兴趣是实现一下。事实上一般来说因为android对eclipse的支持减弱，大部分的人都是用gradle与android studio融合，这样面的样例也会比較多，但笔者所在的项目还是在eclipse的比較多。因为开发者在移植过程中发现报错比較多所以一直没有全然移植（好吧，事实上早晚会移植），所以笔者是用eclipse的IDE做的实验，以下先贴几个基础知识

首先是新建一个android项目，然后用自带的IDE生成gradle文件，详细參考http://blog.csdn.net/x605940745/article/details/41242687，有兴趣的同志们能够採取纯手写的方式，这样的方式能够不依赖IDE，所以会比較好

这个是原始的build.gradle

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.8.+'
    }
}
apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"

    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}

以下我先附上自己的build.gradle

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.+'
    }
}
apply plugin: 'android'

ant.importBuild 'build.xml'  //这里导入了ant的脚本

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

     signingConfigs {       //签名，这里的文件名称和password是错的，后面还会有从外部导入的语句
   		myConfig {
        //绝对路径和相对路径都能够
        	storeFile file("E:\\keystore\\mydemo.keystore")  //签名文件
        	storePassword "276021750"                       //password
        	keyAlias "mydemo.keystore"
       		keyPassword "111"
  	 	}
 	 }

     buildTypes{
      release {           //这里就是用来生成apk的步骤。详细看备注
      //1.加入签名
      signingConfig  signingConfigs.myConfig
      //2.runProguard 运行混淆代码
      runProguard true
      //混淆规则文件
       proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-project.txt'
      }
  	 }

      productFlavors {      //这里是多渠道的地方，AndroidManifest.xml文件中面要有标示，以下会贴文件
        yingyongbao {
            manifestPlaceholders = [ CHANNEL_NAME:"YINGYONGBAO"]
        }
        umeng {
            manifestPlaceholders = [ CHANNEL_NAME:"UMENG" ]
        }
        wandoujia {
            manifestPlaceholders = [ CHANNEL_NAME:"WANDOUJIA" ]
        }
    }  

    allprojects {       //在这里是外部导入文件，然后更改本身文件的属性。这里仅仅改了签名，还能够改其它的
    afterEvaluate { project ->
        def propsFile = rootProject.file('E:\\keystore\\keystore.properties')
        def configName = 'myConfig'

        if (propsFile.exists() && android.signingConfigs.hasProperty(configName)) {
            def props = new Properties()
            props.load(new FileInputStream(propsFile))
            android.signingConfigs[configName].storeFile = file(props['storeFile'])
            android.signingConfigs[configName].storePassword = props['storePassword']
            android.signingConfigs[configName].keyAlias = props['keyAlias']
            android.signingConfigs[configName].keyPassword = props['keyPassword']
        }
    }
}

    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}

这里的详细功能看备注就能够了，暴力的贴上去就没问题。以下要贴几个文件，一个是AndroidManifest.xml文件，里面就是加了一行

 <meta-data
            android:name="UMENG_CHANNEL"
            android:value="${CHANNEL_NAME}" />

build.xml加入了一个target，用cmd命令写gradle deploy就能够运行里面的内容了

	<target name="deploy">
    <!-- 	<replaceregexp flags="g" byline="true">
        	 <regexp pattern="public static final Host host = Host.Development;" />
        	 substitution expression 中是替换的值。替换的值都定义在相相应的配置文件里
        	 <substitution expression="public static final Host host = Host.Test;" />
         	fileset 属性中的 dir 用来指定被替换文件所在的文件夹
          	includes 用来指定要替换哪个文件。

<fileset dir="./src/net/xtion/crm/base" includes="CrmAppContext.java" />
    	</replaceregexp> -->
    	<replace encoding="utf-8" dir="./src/com/example/learn723">
			<include name="MainActivity.java" />
			<replacefilter token="public static final String host = "Host.Test";" value="public static final String host = "Host.abc";" />
		</replace>
	</target>  

另一个签名文件

storeFile=E:\\keystore\\mydemo.keystore
storePassword=276021750
keyPassword=276021750
keyAlias=mydemo.keystore

详细demo能够在这下载

http://download.csdn.net/detail/killer1989/8927225

这种优点我们能够看到。用ant专职改文件的信息。这里专门做多渠道的打包，能够分开，事实上要做到全自己主动还有两步，一个是从svn自己主动获取。这个网上有非常多的版本号能够学习，还有一个是用脚本改动build.gradle文件，动态变换签名（事实上也能够做批量改动）和动态添加这些功能的代码，能够用shell，能够用python，各位用须要能够试一下