Effective Java 02 Consider a builder when faced with many constructor parameters

Advantage

1. It simulates named optional parameters which is easily used to client API.
2. Detect the invariant failure(validation error of field) as soon as the invalid parameters are passed, instead of waiting for build to be invoked.
3. The builder can fill in some fields automatically such as a serial number.
4. Avoid Class.newInstancebreaks compile-time exception checking

Disadvantage

1. A builder must be created first. It's time cost and verbose. It would be better to be used when there are more than 4 parameters.    

Demo

package com.effectivejava.creatingobject;

// Builder Pattern

public class NutritionFacts {

private final int servingSize;

private final int servings;

private final int calories;

private final int fat;

private final int sodium;

private final int carbohydrate;

public static class Builder {

// Required parameters

private final int servingSize;

private final int servings;

// Optional parameters - initialized to default values

private int calories = 0;

private int fat = 0;

private int carbohydrate = 0;

private int sodium = 0;

public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {

this.servingSize = servingSize;

this.servings = servings;

}

public Builder calories(int val) {

calories = val;

return this;

}

public Builder fat(int val) {

fat = val;

return this;

}

public Builder carbohydrate(int val) {

carbohydrate = val;

return this;

}

public Builder sodium(int val) {

sodium = val;

return this;

}

public NutritionFacts build() {

return new NutritionFacts(this);

}

}

private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {

servingSize = builder.servingSize;

servings = builder.servings;

calories = builder.calories;

fat = builder.fat;

sodium = builder.sodium;

carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*

* @see java.lang.Object#toString()

*/

@Override

public String toString() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return String

.format("NutritionFacts[servingSize:%d, servings:%d, calories: %d, fat: %d, sodium: %d, carbohydrate: %d]",

this.servingSize, this.servings, this.calories,

this.fat, this.sodium, this.carbohydrate);

}

}

NutritionFacts nutritionFacts = new NutritionFacts.Builder(10, 100)

.calories(3).carbohydrate(2).fat(1).sodium(4).build();

System.out.println(nutritionFacts.toString());

/*******************************************/

// A builder for objects of type T

public interface Builder<T> {

public T build();

}

Tree buildTree(Builder<? extends Node> nodeBuilder) { ... }

Summary

The Builder pattern is a good choice when designing classes whose constructors or static factories would have more than a handful(>4) of parameters.